Campanula uniflora

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

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Description

Family Campanulaceae

The Campanulaceae are herbs, shrubs , or rarely small trees comprising about 70 genera and 2,000 species usually with milky sap . The leaves are nearly always alternate and simple ; stipules are absent The flowers are bisexual , and actinomorphic in the subfamily Campanuloideae but zygomorphic in the Lobelioideae. The perianth and androecium are usually 5-merous, sometimes 3-10-merous. The calyx and corolla each consist of connate segments. The stamens equal the number of corolla lobes , alternate with them, and are adnate to the extreme base of the corolla or epigynous zone or more commonly arise from the annular epigynous nectary disk; the filaments are distinct and the anthers are introrse and only weakly connivent around the style in the Campanuloideae but in the lobelioideae the introrse anthers and also often the filaments are firmly connate. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of usually 2 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Lobelioideae but usually consists of 3-5 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Campanuloideae. The single style commonly has a number of lobes or stigmas equal to the number of carpels. The ovary is nearly always inferior and is generally crowned with an epigynous annular nectary disk. The fruit is usually a capsule or berry. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Campanula

Plants perennial or annual , erect trailing or decumbent , glabrous , pubescent , or hirsute . Leaves simple , alternate or forming rosettes at the base . Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes ; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate , funnel-shaped or tubular . Stamens 5, free , filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid , obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous .

A genus of over 300 species, mostly in the temperate regions . Represented in Pakistan by c.15 species.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:163. 1753

Name verified on 05-Nov-2002 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-Nov-2002

Similar Species

Members of the genus Campanula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1657 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. aaronsohnii · C. abietina · C. 'Abundance' · C. acarnanica · C. acuminata · C. acutangula · C. acutiloba · C. adami · C. adhaerens · C. adpressa · C. adscendens · C. adsurgens · C. affinis · C. affinis subsp. bolosii · C. afganica · C. afra · C. aggregata · C. aghrica · C. agrestis · C. aizoides · C. aizoon · C. akgulii · C. akhdarensis · C. akhverdovii · C. akuschensis · C. alascana · C. alaskana · C. alata · C. albanica · C. alberti · C. albertii · C. albicans · C. albiflora · C. albovii · C. alburnica · C. aldanensis · C. algida · C. alliariaefolia · C. alliariifolia (Spurred Bellflower) · C. alliariifolia 'Flore Pleno' · C. alliariifolia 'Ivory Bells' · C. alliariifolia 'Minor' · C. alliariifolia × C. makaschvilii · C. allionii · C. allophylla · C. alopecuroides · C. alpestris (Alpine Bellflower) · C. alpestris 'Alba' · C. alpestris 'Grandiflora' · C. alpestris 'Rosea' · C. alphonsii · C. alpigena · C. alpina · C. alpina var. bucegiensis · C. alpini · C. alsinoides · C. altaica · C. altiflora · C. amabilis · C. amana · C. amasiae · C. amcheri · C. americana · C. americanum · C. amorgina · C. amplexicaulis · C. amygdalifolia · C. anagalloides · C. ancheri · C. ancheria · C. anchusiflora · C. andina · C. andorrana · C. andrewsii · C. andrewsii andrewsii · C. andrewsii hirsutula · C. androsacea · C. angulata · C. angustiflora (Eastwood´s Harebell) · C. angustifolia · C. annae · C. anomala · C. antalyensis · C. antiatlantica · C. anticensis · C. antilibanotica · C. aparinoides (Eastern Marsh Bellflower) · C. apennina · C. appendiculata · C. aprica · C. arbatica · C. arborescens · C. arctica · C. arcuata · C. ardonensis · C. arenaria · C. 'Arend's Form' · C. argaea · C. argentea · C. argunensis

More Info

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Further Reading

• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 294.
• Annales botanices systematicae. Auctore Guilielmo Gerardo Walpers. Lipsiae, Sumtibus F. Hofmeister, 1848-68. LAT url p. 400.
• Annales des sciences d'observation. Paris. url p. 461.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 189.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 450.
• Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig [etc.]VEB Georg Thieme [etc.] GER url p. 174, p. 176, p. 920.
• Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 2 1881 Stuttgart [etc.] Schweizerbart [etc.] GER url p. 179, p. 261.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 176, p. 235, p. 365, p. 386, p. 582, p. 61.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 234.
• Caroli a Linne? Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. 1 1797-1830 Berolini: Impensis G.C. Nauk, 1797-1830. LAT url p. 889.
• Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory. (F Yukon)
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- ENG url p. 470, p. 93, p. 94.
• Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
• Crook, C. H. 1951. Campanulas: their cultivation and classification. (Campanula)
• Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). (L USSR)
• Det Kongelige Norske videnskabers selskabs skrifter. Trondhjem: Aktietrykkeriet, -1969. DAN url p. 7.
• Erdély edényes flórájának helyesbitett foglalata / Enumeratio florae transsilvanicae vesculosae critica / ex mandato Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Regiae Hungaricae scripsit Ludovicus Simonkai. a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat megbizásábol ir Budapest: Kiadja a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat, 1886. HUN url p. 385.
• Flora Comense: disposta secondo il sistema di Linneo / dal professore Giuseppe Comolli. Como: C.P. Ostinelli, 1834-1857. ITA url p. 266.
• Flora Italica; sistens plantas in Italia et in insulis circumstantibus sponte nascentes. Bononiae, R. Masi, 1833-1854. LAT url p. 467.
• Flora Petropolitana. Sistens plantas in Gubernio Petropolitano sponte crescentes, tam eas quae olim in Flora Ingrica Krascheninnikovii a Gortero enumeratae sunt, quam novas post annum 1764 hucuque a variis botanicis Petro curante Gregorio Sobolewskj. Petropoli, Typis Collegii Imperialis Medici, 1799. LAT url p. 53.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. ENG url p. 325, p. 325.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains: Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P. A. Rydberg. New York: Rydberg, 1917. ENG url p. 823.
• Flora von Nieder-Österreich. Handbuch zur Bestimmung sämmtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den angrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, häufig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen und Führer zu weiteren botanischen Forsc Wein, C. Gerold, 1890-93. GER url p. 1106.
• Four years in the white North, by Donald B. MacMillan, illustrated from photographs by the author. New York, Harper & Brothers[c1918] ENG url p. 399.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 95.
• Grønland-Expedition der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 1891-1893 / unter Leitung von Erich von Drygalski. Berlin: W.H. Kühl, 1897. GER url p. 343.
• Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 791.
• Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW)
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
• Jahresbericht der Königl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften über die Fortschritte der Botanik Breslau:Konigl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1838-1847. GER url p. 37.
• Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 4.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. ENG url p. 425, p. 43.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1032, p. 406, p. 43, p. 440, p. 461, p. 47.
• Key to the Rocky Mountain flora; Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia. New York, 1919. ENG url p. 222.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Lehrbuch der ökologischen pflanzengeographie, von Eug. Warming und P. Graebner. Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1902. GER url p. 238.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Lindman, C. A. M. 1964. Nordens flora. (Nord F)
• Moss, E. H. & J. G. Packer. 1983. Flora of Alberta, ed. 2. (F Alberta)
• Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875-6 in H.M. ships 'Alert' and 'Discovery' / by Capt. Sir G.S. Nares With notes on the natural history, edited by H.W. Feilden London: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1878. ENG url p. 306.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 101, p. 139.
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• Nuova flora analitica d'Italia, contenente la descrizione delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite e largamente coltivate in Italia, del dott. Adriano Fiori. Firenze, Tipografia di M. Ricci, 1923-29. ITA url p. 562.
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• Scoggan, H. J. 1978–1979. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. (F Canada)
• Shetler, S. G. 1963. A checklist and key to the species of Campanula native or commonly naturalized in North America. Rhodora 65:332.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 12, p. 395.
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• The Canadian naturalist and geologist. Montreal, Dawson. ENG url p. 333, p. 336.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 156, p. 16.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. ENG url p. 214.
• The University of Missouri studies. [Columbia]: The University, 1905-1918. ENG url p. 190.
• The flora of Boulder, Colorado, and vicinity. [Columbia, Mo.]The University of Missouri, 1911. ENG url p. 42.
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• Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 540.
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• Transactions of the annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. ENG url p. 56.
• Troms museums rshefter. Troms, Troms museum, 1878-1951. NOR url p. 173.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 19 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2656553
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-34473
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13745220
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:141274-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 428123
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34473
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 141270-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCAM020Y0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAUN2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27601

Footnotes

1. E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 703.400 meters (2,307.743 feet), Standard Deviation = 536.030 based on 712 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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