Cosmos bipinnatus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Cosmos

Annuals [perennials or subshrubs ], 30-250 cm. Stems usually 1, erect or ascending , branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1-3-pinnately lobed [undivided], ultimate margins usually entire, faces usually glabrous , sometimes glabrate , hispid , puberulent , or scabridulous . Heads radiate , borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Calyculi of [5-]8 basally connate , ± linear to subulate , herbaceous (striate ) bractlets . Involucres hemispheric or subhemispheric [cylindric ], 3-15 mm diam. Phylla­ries persistent , [5-]8 in ± 2 series, distinct , lanceolate, lance-oblong, lance-ovate, or oblong , ± equal, membranous or herbaceous, margins ± scarious . Receptacles flat, paleate; paleae falling, linear, flat or slightly concave-convex, scarious (entire). Ray florets [0, 5] 8 (more in "double" cultivars), neuter ; corollas white to pink or purple, or yellow to red-orange. Disc florets 10-20[-80+], bisexual , fertile ; corollas yellow [orange] (at least distally), tubes shorter than funnelform throats , lobes 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments hairy near anthers ; style branches linear, flattened, thicker distally, hirtellous, appendages relatively slender). Cypselae (dark brown or black) relatively slender, quadrangular-cylindric or -fusiform [outer somewhat obcompressed ], sometimes slightly arcuate , attenuate-beaked, not winged [winged], faces glabrous or hispid to scabridulous or ± setose , sometimes papillate , usually with 1 groove ; pappi persistent [falling], of 2-4[-8] retrorsely [antrorsely] barbed awns , sometimes 0. x = 12.

Species ca. 26: tropical and subtropical America, especially Mexico, widely introduced elsewhere.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites, roadsides; 0-1000 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,077 meters (0 to 10,095 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: Not Applicable (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Georgia Bipinnata

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cosmos

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 48 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. atrosanguineus (Chocolate Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Candy Stripe' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dancing Petticoats' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Daydream' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dazzler' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Double Click' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Dwarf Sensation Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Early Sensation' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Early Sensation Albatross' (Common Cosmos) · C. Bipinnatus 'Gazebo White' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Gloria' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Picotee' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Pied Piper' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Pinkie' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Psyche Mixed' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Psycho' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Purity' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Radiance' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Seashells' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sensation Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Carmine' (Carmine Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Pink' (Pink Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Pink Blush' (Sonata Pink Blush Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata Series Mixed' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Sonata White' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Rose' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra Pink' (Common Cosmos) · C. bipinnatus 'Yellow Garden' (Common Cosmos) · C. caudatus (Wild Cosmos) · C. parviflorus (Dwarf Wild Cosmos) · C. peucedanifolius (Perennial Cosmos) · C. sulphureus (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Scarlet' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Bright Lights' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Mix' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Orange' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Red' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Cosmic Yellow' (Common Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Dwarf' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Ladybird Dwarf Lemon' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Lemon Twist' (Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Polidor' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Red Crest' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Solar Flare' (Klondike Cosmos) · C. sulphureus 'Sunny Red' (Klondike Cosmos)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , , p. 522, p. 79, p. 94.
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• Yard and garden; a book of practical information for the amateur gardener in city, town or suburb, Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill company[1908] url p. 386.
• Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 362-368.
• Sherff, E. E. 1955. Cosmos. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora. 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part. 2, pp. 130-146.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658398
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-332
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198320-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 11680
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 37162
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST2N010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: COBI2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 32678

Footnotes

1. Robert W. Kiger "Cosmos". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 203. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cosmos bipinnatus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 203, 204. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 218.010 meters (715.256 feet), Standard Deviation = 370.810 based on 424 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.