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Elaeagnus tarokoensis

Overview

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Vulnerable
Threat status

Description

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Family Elaeagnaceae

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen ; most parts with distinctive silvery or brownish peltate scales and/or stellate hairs , sometimes branches spine-tipped. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled ; stipules absent; petiole usually present, sometimes short; leaf blade often leathery, simple , margin entire or subentire , abaxially densely stellate-hairy or peltate-scaly, pinnately veined. Flowers solitary or in clusters or short racemes , actinomorphic , bisexual , or unisexual (plants dioecious) . Calyx in bisexual and female flowers tubular , 2-6(-8) -lobed, male flowers of Hippophae of 2 membranous sepals. Petals absent. Stamens 4-8, free , adnate to calyx tube, in male flowers 2 × as many as the lobes , in bisexual flowers as many as the lobes and alternate with them. Ovary superior but tightly enclosed in differentiated basal part of calyx and apparently inferior, 1-loculed; style elongate , stigma lateral . Ovule 1, basal, anatropous . Fruit drupelike, indehiscent, enclosed in base of calyx tube and containing a single seed.

Three genera and ca. 90 species: N temperate and tropical regions ; two genera and 74 species (59 endemic) in China.

The fruits of many members of this family are edible, and some species of both Elaeagnus and Hippophae are widely utilized and sometimes cultivated as fruit trees. They are a particularly good source of Vitamin C. Several species are also grown as ornamental garden shrubs. The roots are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen making it possible for plants to grow well on very poor soils. For this reason, some species, most notably Elaeagnus angustifolia, have been used for land reclamation.[1]

Genus Elaeagnus

Shrubs , sometimes climbing , or small trees , deciduous or evergreen , sometimes spiny . Leaves alternate, petiolate , blade margin usually entire. Flowers bisexual , clustered on short axillary shoots , sometimes solitary. Calyx tubular , 4-lobed, constricted above ovary and breaking at constriction as fruit develops; lobes usually spreading , deciduous, white or yellow inside. Stamens 4, inserted in mouth of calyx tube, alternate with lobes. Style linear , not exserted. Drupe globose or ellipsoid , rarely longitudinally winged (E. mollis) ; stone usually 8-ribbed, with a large straight embryo.

About 90 species: Asia, S Europe, North America; 67 species (55 endemic) in China.

Many taxa are separated only by quantitative characters, and better information on population variation is likely to lead to a significant reduction in the number of species recognized. Indeed, recent studies (Du, Fl. Yunnan. 12: 749-776. 2006) suggest that some species of Elaeagnus should be combined.[2]

Habitat

Ecology: The species occurs in lowland forest .[3]

Taxonomy

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Notes

Publishing author : S.Y.Lu & Yuen P.Yang Publication : Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 3: 785 1993

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Elaeagnus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 243 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. acuminata · E. alingaro · E. angustata · E. angustifolia (Silver Russian Olive) · E. angustifolia orientalis · E. angustifolia 'Quicksilver' (Silver Russian Olive) · E. angustifolia 'Red King' · E. angustifolia L. var. spinosa (L.) Kuntze · E. angustifolia subsp. orientalis · E. angustifolia var. orientalis · E. angustifolius · E. arakiana · E. arborea · E. argentea · E. argyi · E. armata · E. asakawana · E. augustifolia · E. bambusetorum · E. bockii · E. bonii · E. breyniastrum · E. buisanensis · E. calcarea · E. canadensis · E. caspica · E. caudata · E. chekiangensis · E. chrysophylla · E. cinnamomifolia · E. communis · E. commutata (American Silverberry) · E. commutata 'Zempin' · E. conferta · E. conferta dendroidea · E. confierta · E. convexolepidota · E. coreanus · E. courtoisi · E. crispa · E. cumingii · E. cuprea · E. cyanea · E. dactyliformis · E. daibuensis · E. davidi · E. delavayi · E. difficilis · E. dulcis · E. ebbingei · E. edulis · E. elliptica · E. emarginata · E. epitricha · E. erivanensis · E. erosifolia · E. fargesii · E. fasciculata · E. ferruginea · E. flava · E. formosana · E. formosensis · E. fragrans · E. fruticosa · E. fusca · E. gaudichaudiana · E. geniculata · E. ghuwacen · E. glabra · E. glabra 'Reflexa' · E. gonyanthes · E. grandifolia · E. griffithii · E. grijsii · E. guizhouensis · E. henryi · E. heterophylla · E. higoensis · E. hisauchii · E. hortensis · E. hypoargentea · E. incana · E. indica · E. inermis · E. infundibularis · E. isensis · E. javanica · E. jiangxiensis · E. jingdonensis · E. jucundicocca · E. kanaii · E. kologa · E. kotoensis · E. lanceolata · E. 'Lannou' · E. lanpingensis · E. latifolia (Wild Olive) · E. lipoensis · E. liukiuensis · E. liuzhouensis

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Haining Qin & Michael G. Gilbert "Elaeagnaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 251. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Elaeagnus". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 251. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Lu, S.Y. & Pan, F.J. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-07-03