Equisetum pratense

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Equisetaceae

Plants with jointed stems, with distinct nodes. Leaves small, whorled , fused into sheaths ; tips remaining free , toothlike. Sporangia borne on peltate sporophylls aggregated in cones 0.3--10 cm. Spores green (except white in hybrids), all 1 kind. Gametophytes green, terrestrial , unisexual ; male gametophytes smaller than female.

Genus 1, species 15 (11 species in the flora ) : nearly worldwide.[1]

Genus Equisetum

Plants perennial , rhizomatous . Aerial stems annual or perennial. Stems with hollow center and series of small carinal (under the ridges ) and larger vallecular (under the valleys) canals. Leaves in whorls, fused part of length into sheaths . Stem ridges traversing length of internode and continuing into sheaths, terminating in sheath teeth. Branches when present borne at nodes, erupting through base of subtending sheath. Cones terminal on green stems or, in some species, terminating special, reproductive, brown stems, composed of whorls of peltate sporophylls; cone apices rounded or sharply pointed ; sporangia 5--10 per sporophyll, pendent, attached to inner surface of sporophylls, elongate , dehiscing longitudinally. x =108.

Species 15: nearly worldwide.

Equisetum occurs in moist places such as riverbanks, lakeshores, roadsides, ditches, seepage areas, meadows, marshes, and wet woodlands. Aerial stems of Equisetum vary considerably in habit and appearance , even on individual plants, because of environmentally induced modifications affecting height and branching. Many taxonomically trivial varieties and forms have been named. For an extended discussion of this, see R.L. Hauke (1966). [2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Meadows, wet woodlands; 0--2000 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,916 meters (0 to 9,567 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Equisetum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 185 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. affine · E. alaskanum · E. araucanum · E. arcticum · E. arenaceum · E. arenarium · E. arvense (Western Horsetail) · E. arvense x fluviatile · E. arvenses · E. arvense f. nanum (Field Horsetail) · E. arvense f. nemorosum (Field Horsetail) · E. arvense f. ramulosum · E. arvense subsp. boreale · E. arvense var. arcticum · E. arvense var. ramulosum (Field Horsetail) · E. 'Bandit' · E. bogotense · E. bolivianum · E. boreale · E. bridgesii · E. californicum · E. camtschatcense · E. capense · E. caracasanum · E. cascadensis · E. columnare · E. debile · E. diffusum · E. dycei (Horsetail) · E. eburneum · E. elongatum · E. ferrissi · E. ferrissii (Ferriss' Horsetail) · E. florissantense · E. fluviale · E. fluvialile · E. fluviatile (Water Horsetail) · E. fluviatile f. linnaeanum · E. fluviatile var. verticillatum · E. fluviatilis · E. fluviatoides · E. font-queri · E. fontinale · E. FU036 · E. funstoni · E. funstonii · E. funstonii var. ramosum · E. giganteum (Giant Horsetail) · E. haguei · E. heleocharis · E. hiemale · E. hiemale var. affine · E. hyemale (Scouring Rush Horsetail) · E. hyemale x variegatum · E. hyemale affine (Scouring Rush Horsetail) · E. hyemale f. geminatum · E. hyemale f. herbaceum (Common Scouring-Rush) · E. hyemale f. intermedium · E. hyemale f. multirameum · E. hyemale f. pumilum · E. hyemale f. ramigerum · E. hyemale f. ramosum · E. hyemale L. var. robustum (A.Braun) Eaton · E. hyemale var. affine (Scouringrush Horsetail) · E. hyemale var. drummondi · E. hyemale var. pumilum · E. hymale · E. hymenale · E. intermedium · E. kansanum · E. kansanum f. ramosum · E. laevigatum (Smooth Scouring-Rush) · E. laterale · E. limosum · E. limosum f. linnaeanum · E. limosum var. leptocladon · E. limosum var. verticillatum · E. litorale (Litoral Horsetail) · E. litorale f. formosum · E. litorale var. arvensiforme · E. littorale · E. lyellii · E. mackaii (Mackai's Horsetail) · E. martii · E. maximum · E. mekongense · E. meridionales · E. mexicanum · E. moorei · E. moorey · E. mougeotii · E. myriochaetum (Cola De Caballo Grande) · E. nelsonii (Nelson's Horsetail) · E. occidentale · E. octangulatum · E. oregonense · E. ornithopus · E. paleaceum · E. palustre (Marsh Horsetail) · E. palustre f. fluitans

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• "Equisetum pratense". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 13, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 30 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644427
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17159
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13544136
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60437142-2
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17159
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 60437142
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPEQU01060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: EQPR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37552

Footnotes

1. Richard L.Hauke "Equisetaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Richard L. Hauke "Equisetum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Equisetum pratense". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 336.940 meters (1,105.446 feet), Standard Deviation = 313.640 based on 8,810 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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