Ericameria nauseosa (Rubber Rabbit-Brush)

Common Names

Common Names in English:

Chamisa, Goldenbush, Gray Rabbitbrush, Rabbit-Bush, Rabbitbrush, Rubber Rabbit-Brush, Rubber Rabbitbrush

Description

Genus Ericameria

Shrubs (trees in Ericameria parishii var. parishii), 10500 cm. Stems usually erect to ascending , rarely prostrate , fastigiately or intricately branched (bark typically tan to reddish brown, becoming gray, twigs usually green to gray or yellowish), glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy (often tomentose ), often gland-dotted, sometimes resinous or stipitate-glandular . Leaves (mostly persistent ) cauline (often crowded, axillary leaf fascicles sometimes present) ; petiolate or sessile; blades (green to grayish; midnerves obscure to prominent , sometimes with 2 collateral veins), cuneate, elliptic , filiform , lanceolate, linear , oblanceolate , obovate , or spatulate (adaxially sulcate , concave , or flat), margins entire (sometimes undulate or crisped ; apices acute to rounded or retuse ), faces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy (often tomentose), often stipitate -glandular , sometimes gland-dotted or resinous. Heads radiate or discoid , borne singly or in cymiform or racemiform , sometimes highly branched and paniculiform or thyrsiform, arrays. Involucres campanulate , cylindric , hemispheric , obconic, or turbinate , (419+ ×) 218 mm. Phyllaries 860 in 27 series (often in vertical ranks ), 1-nerved (midnerves obscure or evident, sometimes enlarged subapically and glandular) ovate , lanceolate, or elliptic, strongly unequal to subequal , outer often herbaceous or herbaceous-tipped, otherwise mostly chartaceous , (apices erect, spreading , or reflexed , acute or acuminate to cuspidate or obtuse ), faces sometimes stipitate-glandular, often resinous. Receptacles slightly convex , pitted , epaleate. Ray florets 0, or 118, pistillate , fertile ; corollas usually yellow (white in E. gilmanii and E. resinosa), (laminae elliptic to oblong , apices shallowly notched or toothed ). Disc florets 470, bisexual , fertile; corollas usually yellow (white in E. gilmanii and E. resinosa), tubes shorter than narrowly funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading or reflexed, deltate to triangular; style-branch appendages lanceolate to subulate . Cypselae (tan to reddish brown) usually prismatic , sometimes cylindric, ellipsoid , obconic, or turbinate, 512-ribbed, faces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, sometimes gland-dotted; pappi persistent or tardily falling, of 2060 whitish or tan to reddish, subequal, fine, barbellate , apically attenuate bristles in 1 series. x = 9.

Species 36: w North America, n Mexico.

Two species, Ericameria juarezensis and E. martirensis, are known only from mountains in northern Baja California, Mexico. The plants inhabit rock outcrops and dry, stony or sandy substrates of western North America. Some taxa are widespread and codominant in scrub communities of that region; others have restricted distributions. Systematic and phylogenetic investigations have resulted in the expansion of Ericameria to include certain taxa previously assigned to Chrysothamnus as well as taxa treated in Haplopappus. Except for E. laricifolia, taxa in Texas previously included in Ericameria are but distantly related and have been excluded from the genus.Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig "Ericameria". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 5, 6, 50, 51, 68, 72, 85, 188. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Species Ericameria nauseosa

Plants 10-250 cm. Stems erect or ascending to spreading , white to green, fastigiately branched, tomentose . Leaves (usually crowded) usually ascending to spreading; blades filiform to narrowly oblanceolate (mostly adaxially sulcate to concave ), 10-70 × 0.3-10 mm, midnerves mostly evident, apices acute, faces glabrous or tomentose, often gland-dotted (lacking well-defined circular pits) ; axillary fascicles absent. Heads in rounded to flat-topped, cymiform arrays (to 12 cm wide). Peduncles 1-20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1-5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to subcylindric , 6-16 × 2-4 mm. Phyllaries 10-31 in 3-5 series (often in vertical ranks ), tan, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5-14 × 0.7-1.5 mm, strongly unequal, mostly chartaceous (mostly keeled ), midnerves raised for nearly entire lengths, expanded apically, apices acute to obtuse , abaxial faces resinous . Ray florets 0. Disc florets (4-) 5(-6) ; corollas 6-12 mm. Cypselae tan, turbinate to cylindric or oblanceoloid, 3-8 mm, glabrous or hairy (often ± pilose or sericeous ) ; pappi whitish, 3-13 mm. 2n = 18. [source]

Ericameria nauseosa is widespread, often abundant, and complex . This treatment is based largely on that by L. C. Anderson (1986b). Uncertainty about the specimen used by Pursh to establish E. nauseosa (as Chrysocoma nauseosa) is a possible source of confusion concerning the application of that name (which is in current use) and of the name Chrysothamnus speciosus Nuttall (J. L. Reveal et al. 1999). Anderson divided the species into two informal groups, the "green forms" and the "gray forms." These two groups were formalized as subspp. nauseosa and consimilis by G. L. Nesom and G. I. Baird (1993), each containing varieties. Ericameria nauseosa is reported to hybridize with other species in the genus, and hybrid and formula names have been applied to them. Their synonymies were more fully summarized by Nesom and Baird. [source]

Ericameria ×bolanderi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, based on Linosyris bolanderi A. Gray is the hybrid between E. discoidea and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson and J. L. Reveal 1966). [source]

Ericameria ×uintahensis (L. C. Anderson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, "Uinta rubber rabbitbrush," based on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. uintahensis L. C. Anderson, is the hybrid between E. nauseosa and E. parryi (L. C. Anderson 1984). [source]

Ericameria ×viscosa (D. D. Keck) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, based on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. viscosus D. D. Keck, is the hybrid between E. cuneata and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson 1986b). [source]

Habit: Shrub , Subshrub

Flowers: Bloom Period: June. • Flower Color: yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 36-48" tall.

Habitat

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Kingdom: Plantae () - Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Vascular Plants
  - Class: Magnoliopsida () - Dicotyledons
    - Order: Asterales ()
      - Family: Noctuoidea ()
        Subfamily: Ericoideae ()
        Tribe: Ericeae ()
        Genus: Ericameria () - Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 318. 1840. - Goldenbush [Generic name Erica and Greek meros, part or portion, alluding to resemblance of leaves]
        Specific epithet: nauseosa - (Pallas ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, Phytologia. 75: 84. 1993.
        Botanical name: - Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird

Unambiguous Synonyms

Chrysocoma nauseosa Pallas ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 517. 1813
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton
Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

A tentatively accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Phytologia 75:84. 1993

Name verified on 15-May-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Dec-2007

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ericameria

There are approximately 123 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

Bibliography

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Anderson, L. C. 1986b. Sympatric subspecies in Chrysothamnus nauseosus. In: E. D. McArthur and B. L. Welch, eds. 1986. Proceedings, Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus, Provo, Utah, July 9-13, 1984. Ogden. Pp. 98-103.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
Ostler, W. K., C. M. McKell, and S. White. 1986. Chrysothamnus nauseosus: A potential source of natural rubber. In: E. D. Mc Arthur and B. L. Welch, eds. 1986. Proceedings, Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus, Provo, Utah, July 9-13, 1984. Ogden. Pp. 389-395.
Anderson, L. C. 1995b. The Chrysothamnus-Ericameria connection (Asteraceae). Great Basin Naturalist 55: 84-88.
Hall, H. M and F. E. Clements. 1923. The Phylogenetic method in taxonomy: The North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus, and Atriplex. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 326.
Nesom , G. L. and G. I. Baird. 1995. Comments on "The Chrysothamnus-Ericameria connection." Phytologia 78: 61-65.
Nesom, G. L. 1990d. Taxonomic summary of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), with the inclusion of Haplopappus sects. Macronema and Asiris. Phytologia 68: 144-155.
Nesom, G. L. and G. I. Baird. 1993. Completion of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), diminution of Chrysothamnus. Phytologia 75: 74-93.
Roberts, R. P. 2002. Phylogeny of Ericameria, Chrysothamnus and Related Genera (Asteraceae: Astereae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequence Data. Ph.D. dissertation. Louisiana State University.
Roberts, R. P. and L. E. Urbatsch. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of Ericameria (Asteraceae, Astereae) based on nuclear ribosomal 3' ETS and ITS sequence data. Taxon 52: 209-228.
Urbatsch, L. E. 1978. The Chihuahuan Desert species of Ericameria (Asteraceae). Sida 7: 298-303.

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Notes

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Contributors

"Ericameria nauseosa". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 53,57, 62, 72. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
Missouri Botanical Garden
Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
The New York Botanical Garden: Vascular Plant Type Specimens
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics: Herbarium (UNA)
University of Colorado Museum: Zoological specimens
USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
Utah Valley State College (UVSC): Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2671433
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-507594
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 295022
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:973775-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 404918

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 507594
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST2C0G0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CHNAH2 CHN
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 37724

Ericameria nauseosa

Common Names

Description

Genus Ericameria

Physical Description

Species Ericameria nauseosa

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ericameria

Bibliography

More Info

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes