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Eryngium castrense

(Great Valley Eryngo)

Overview

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Critically Endangered
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Great Valley Eryngo

Description

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Family Apiaceae

Herbs, annual or perennial , rarely woody at base . Caulescent or acaulescent , stem hollow or solid. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or basal; petiole usually sheathing at base; stipules absent (except in subfam. Hydrocotyloideae) ; leaf blade compound or sometimes simple , usually much incised or divided , pinnatifid to pinnatisect , or ternate-pinnately decompound . Flowers epigynous , small, bisexual or staminate (unisexual male), regular, in simple or compound umbels; umbellules few to many-flowered; rays often subtended by bracts forming a involucre; umbellules (sometimes called umbellets ) usually subtended by bracteoles forming an involucel . Pedicels long, short or obsolete (then forming a capitate umbellule) . Calyx tube wholly adnate to the ovary; calyx teeth (sometimes called sepals) small or obsolete, forming a ring around the top of the ovary. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, with one anatropous ovule in each locule. Styles 2, usually swollen at the base forming a stylopodium which often secretes nectar. Fruit dry, of two mericarps united by their faces (commissure ), and usually attached to a central axis (carpophore), from which the mericarps separate at maturity; mericarps are variously flattened dorsally , laterally or terete ; each mericarp has 5 primary ribs , one down the back (dorsal rib), two on the edges near the commissure (lateral ribs ), and two between the dorsal and lateral ribs (intermediate ribs), occasionally with four secondary ribs alternating with the primary , the ribs filiform to broadly winged , thin or corky; vittae (oil-tubes) usually present in the furrow (intervals between the ribs sometimes called the valleculae) and on the commissure face, rarely also in the pericarp, sometimes obscure . Each mericarp 1-seeded, splitting apart at maturity. Seed face (commissural albumen) plane , concave to sulcate .

Between 250 and 440( 455) genera and 3300 3700 species: widely distributed in the temperate zone of both hemispheres, mainly in Eurasia and especially in C Asia; 100 genera (ten endemic) and 614 species (340 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Eryngium

Herbs biennial or perennial , caulescent or acaulescent , usually glabrous . Taproot fusiform or stout. Stem solitary, creeping to erect , branched above. Leaves simple ; petioles sheathing ; blade entire, pinnately or palmately parted or divided , leathery or membranous, venation parallel or reticulate , margin often ciliate to spinose . Umbels simple, capitate forming globose to cylindrical heads ; heads solitary or in cymes, sometimes racemes ; bracts 1 to several, entire or divided, subtending the head; bracteoles 1 to many, subtending the individual flowers. Flowers small, bisexual , sessile. Calyx teeth prominent , persistent , ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse . Petals white or purple, ovate to oblong , with incurved apex. Stylopodium absent; styles shorter than or exceeding the calyx teeth. Fruit globose to obovoid , scarcely flattened laterally, variously covered with scales or tubercles ; ribs obsolete ; vittae mostly 5, inconspicuous; commissure broad. Seed subterete in cross section , face plane or slightly concave . Carpophore absent.

Between 220 and 250 species: tropics and temperate regions worldwide, especially South America; two species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Eryngium vaseyi var. castrense (Jepson) Hoover Ex Mathias and Constance

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Eryngium

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 463 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

E. aff. eburneum · E. affine · E. affine 'Strotheri' · E. agavifolium (Agave-Leaved Sea Holly) · E. albovillosum · E. alismaefolium · E. alismifolium (Inland Coyote-Thistle) · E. aloifolium · E. alpinum (Alpine Sea Holly) · E. alpinum 'Amethyst' (Alpine Sea Holly) · E. alpinum 'Blue Jacket' · E. alpinum 'Blue Lace' · E. alpinum 'Blue Star' (Alpine Sea Holly) · E. alpinum 'Holden Blue' · E. alpinum 'Jos Eijking' · E. alpinum 'Opal' · E. alpinum 'Slieve Donard' · E. alpinum 'Superbum' (Alpine Sea Holly) · E. alpinum 'Violet Lace' · E. altamiranoi · E. alternatum · E. americanum · E. amethystinodes · E. amethystinum (Amethyst Coyote-Thistle) · E. amethystinum 'Sapphire Blue' (Amethyst Sea Holly) · E. amethystinum var. tenuifolium · E. amorginum · E. andersonii · E. andicola · E. anomalum · E. antiatlanticum · E. antihystericum · E. antonii · E. aquaticum (Marsh Rattlesnake Master) · E. aquaticum L. var. aquaticum L. (Rattlesnake-Master) · E. aquaticum L. var. ravenelii (Gray) Mathias & Constance (Rattlesnake-Master) · E. aquaticum var. aquaticum (Rattlesnakemaster) · E. aquaticum var. ravenelii (Rattlesnakemaster) · E. aquifolium · E. argutum · E. argyreum · E. aristulatum (San Diego Woolly Sunflower) · E. aristulatum Jeps. var. aristulatum Jeps. (San Diego Woolly Sunflower) · E. aristulatum Jeps. var. hooveri Sheikh (San Diego Woolly Sunflower) · Euonymus obovatus (San Diego Woolly Sunflower) · E. aristulatum parishii · E. aristulatum var. aristulatum (California Eryngo) · E. aristulatum var. hooveri (Hoover's Eryngo) · E. aristulatum var. parishii (San Diego Button-Celery) · E. armatum (Armed Coyote-Thistle) · E. aromaticum (Fragrant Coyote-Thistle) · E. articulatum (Jointed Coyote-Thistle) · E. arvense · E. 'Astra' · E. atlanticum · E. attanticum · E. balansae · E. baldwini · E. baldwinii (Baldwin's Coyote-Thistle) · E. barrelieri · E. beecheyanum · E. biebersteinianum · E. 'Big Blue' · E. billardierei · E. billardieri · E. bithynicum · E. 'Blue Bell' · E. 'Blue Jackpot' · E. 'Blue Steel' · E. bonplandii · E. bornmuelleri · E. bourgati · E. bourgatii (Mediterranean Sea Holly) · E. bourgatii 'Graham Stuart Thomas' · E. bourgatii Graham Stuart Thomas's selection · E. bourgatii 'Oxford Blue' · E. bourgatii 'Picos Amethyst' · E. bourgatii 'Picos Blue' · E. bourgatii 'Pico's Blue' · E. bourgatii subsp. heldreichii · E. bourgatii subsp. hispanicum · E. bourgatii var. atlanticum · E. bovei · E. bromeliaefolium · E. bromeliifolium · E. buchtienii · E. buchyanum · E. bungei · E. bupleuroides · E. cabrerae · E. caeruleum · E. caespitiferum · E. calaster · E. campestre (Snakeroot Coyote-Thistle) · E. canaliculatum · E. carlinae · E. carlinae var. erectum · E. carlinoides · E. castrense (Great Valley Eryngo) · E. caucasicum

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Menglan She, Fading Pu, Zehui Pan, Mark Watson, John F. M. Cannon, Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Loy R. Phillippe & Michael G. Pimenov "Apiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Sheh Meng-lan, Mark F. Watson "Eryngium". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 24. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009