Eschscholzia californica

(California Goldenpoppy, California Poppy)

Overview:

Conservation Status

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Population Analysis

For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the California Goldenpoppy, we have 1,578 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is extremely common.
A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the California Goldenpoppy is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=4.706, p<0.001)
How do observation rates of the California Goldenpoppy differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the California Goldenpoppy each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the California Goldenpoppy are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.4), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the California Goldenpoppy may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 186.17, p<.05)
The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the California Goldenpoppy.

Taxonomy

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Kingdom: Plantae - Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta - Vascular Plants
  - Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
    - Order: Papaverales
      - Family: Noctuoidea
        Subfamily: Eschscholzioideae
        Tribe: Calluneae
        Genus: Eschscholzia (es-SHOLT-zee-uh) Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 73. 1820 - [For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast]
        Specific epithet: californica Cham.
        Botanical name: Eschscholzia californica Cham.

Notes:

Publishing author: Greene Publication: Pittonia v. 241.

Publishing author: Jeps.

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Publishing author: Greene Publication: in Bull. Calif. Acad. i. n. III. (1885) 69

Publishing author: Jeps. Publication: Fl. W. Calif. 207 1901

Basionym author: (Benth.)

Publishing author: Jeps.

Publishing author: Munz Publication: Man. S. Calif. Bot. 181 1935

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: C. G. D. Nees von Esenbeck, Horae phys. berol. 73-74. 1820

Name verified on 07-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 24-Oct-2005

Physical Description

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Genus Eschscholzia:

Herbs, annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap colorless or clear orange. Stems leafy. Leaves alternate, basal and sometimes cauline, petiolate; blade 1-4× pinnately deeply lobed, lobes of each order usually 3; ultimate lobes narrow. Inflorescences terminal, cymose with bracts present, or 1-flowered. Flowers: receptacle dilated, forming cup beneath calyx, sometimes with free rim; perianth and androecium perigynous; sepals 2, connate, calyptrate, deciduous as unit; petals 4, rarely more (doubled flowers), obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves; stamens 12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style absent; stigmas 4-8, spreading, linear. Fruits capsular, cylindric, 2-valved, dehiscing from base along placentas, often explosively. Seeds many, tan, brown, or black, spheric to ovoid, reticulate, ridged and burlike, or pitted, aril absent. x = 6, 7.

Species 12: w North America (United States), nw Mexico.

Eschscholzia species are introduced from cultivation elsewhere in warm-temperate regions worldwide.^[1]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August. • Flower Color: orange, yellow

Images:

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Gerald D. Carr Copyright: © Gerald D. Carr ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 116674

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89340

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89343

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89342

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89341

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 22160

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89345

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89344

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89338

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89337

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 22162

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 22161

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89346

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 89339

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Gerald D. Carr Copyright: © Gerald D. Carr ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 116675

Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia californica Photographer: Brother Alfred Brousseau Courtesy of St. Mary\'s College of California. ZipcodeZoo Photo ID: 22163

Distribution

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Range and Population

California (Southwestern U.S.A., Northern America) North America

Native: Arizona, California, Texas.

Habitat

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Biome

Terrestrial; Freshwater

Reproduction

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Duration: Annual, Perennial

Growth

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Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Eschscholzia:

Bibliography

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CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (Weed CIBA)
Clark, C. 1978. Systematic studies of Eschscholzia (Papaveraceae). I. The origin and affinities of E. mexicana. Syst. Bot. 3:374–385.
Clark, C. and J. A. Jernstedt. 1978. Systematic studies of Eschscholzia (Papaveraceae). II. Seed coat microsculpturing. Syst. Bot. 3: 386-402.
Ernst, W. R. 1964b. The genus Eschscholzia in the south Coast Ranges of California. Madroño 17: 281-294.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
Greene, E. L. 1905b. Revision of Eschscholtzia. Pittonia 5: 205-308.
Grey-Wilson, C. 1993. Poppies: The poppy family in the wild and in cultivation. (Poppies) 57.
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
Lewis, H. and R. Snow. 1951. A cytotaxonomic approach to Eschscholzia. Madroño 11: 141-143.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 28, 2006. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
Bundesamt fÃ¼r Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fÃ¼r PhytodiversitÃ¤t Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
GBIF-Spain, DirecciÃ³n General de InvestigaciÃ³n, Desarrollo TecnolÃ³gico e InnovaciÃ³n de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de BiologÃa de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Utah Valley State College
, Utah Valley State College Herbarium
inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers:

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18956
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13731357
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:90934-3
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDPAP0A020
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ESCAP ESCA
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 38525

Footnotes:

Curtis Clark "Eschscholzia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 11, 2008