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Filipendula occidentalis

(Queen of the Forest)

Overview

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Threatened
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Queen of the Forest, Queen-Of-The-Forest

Description

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Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Filipendula

Herbs perennial , rhizomatous . Rhizome short, oblique , here and there thickened into tubers, clothed with fibers. Stipules large or small, subcordate to ovate-lanceolate; leaf blade pinnate; leaflets pinnately or palmately lobed . Inflorescence corymbose-cymose or paniculate-cymose; central branch shortened and flowering first. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual (when plants dioecious) . Sepals 5, reflexed after flowering. Petals 5, imbricate, white, pink, or red, base clawed. Stamens 20€“40. Carpels 5€“15, inserted on plane or slightly elevated receptacle, free ; ovules 1 or 2; style terminal ; stigma capitate. Fruit an achene, free, compressed , crowned by base of style. Seed pendulous, terete , with very little endosperm. x = 7, 8.

More than ten species: mainly in N temperate zone; seven species (one endemic) in China.

The fruit of Filipendula has been described as an indehiscent follicle. It is described here as an achene because it is indehiscent, as opposed to a typical, dehiscent follicle. In fact, it may be intermediate between an achene and a follicle.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 6 meters (19 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Filipendula filipendula (L.) Voss
  2. Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.
  3. Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. Ex Maxim.
  4. Spiraea filipendula L.
  5. Spiraea tuberosa Salisb.
  6. Spiraea vulgaris L.
  7. Spiraea vulgaris (Moench) Gray
  8. Ulmaria filipendula (L.) Hill

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Filipendula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 104 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

F. aff. camtschatica · F. alnifolia 'Variegata' · F. angustiloba · F. angustiloba f. leiocarpa · F. angustiloba forma leiocarpa · F. auriculata · F. camschatica · F. camschatica camschatica · F. camtschatica · F. camtschatica 'Rosea' · F. denudata · F. digitata 'Nana' · F. formosa · F. glaberrima · F. hexapetala · F. hexapetala 'Flore Pleno' · F. hexapetala 'Plena' · F. hexapetala vulgaris (Meadow Sweet) · F. intermedia · F. 'Kahome' · F. 'Kakome' (Meadowsweet) · F. kamtschatica · F. kiraishiensis · F. megalocarpa · F. multijuga · F. multijuga 'Fuji Haze' · F. multijuga var. albiflora · F. multijuga var. ciliata · F. multijuga var. dilutorosea · F. multijuga 'Yoko' · F. occidentalis (Queen of the Forest) · F. palmata (Siberian Meadowsweet Filipendula Palmata) · F. palmata 'Alba' (Siberian Meadowsweet) · F. palmata angustifolia · F. palmata 'Digitata Nana' · F. palmata dwarf · F. palmata 'Elegantissima' · F. palmata miniature · F. palmata 'Nana' (Siberian Meadowsweet) · F. palmata palmata · F. palmata 'Rosea' · F. palmata 'Rubra' · F. palmata rufinervis · F. palmata var. glabra · F. palmata var. palmata · F. palmata x camtschatica · F. palmata x ulmaria · F. pubescens · F. purpurea (Japanese Meadowsweet) · F. purpurea 'Alba' · F. purpurea 'Elegans' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · F. purpurea f. alba · F. purpurea f. albiflora · F. purpurea forma alba · F. purpurea forma albiflora · F. purpurea 'Nephele' · F. purpurea 'Pink Dreamland' · F. purpurea 'Plena' · F. purpurea 'Purpurascens' · F. purpurea var. purpurea · F. purpurea 'White Dreamland' · F. 'Queen of the Prairies' · F. rubra (Queen of the Prairie) · F. rubra 'Magnifica' · F. rubra 'Venusta' (Queen of the Prairie) · F. rubra 'Venusta Magnifica' (Queen of the Prairie) · F. stepposa · F. subdenudata · F. tsuguwoi · F. ulmaria (Queen of the Meadow) · F. ulmaria 'Aurea' (Queen of the Meadow) · F. ulmaria denudata (Queen of the Meadow) · F. ulmaria f. pubescens · F. ulmaria f. pulchrifolia · F. ulmaria f. subdenudata · F. ulmaria 'Flore Pleno' · F. ulmaria forma pubescens · F. ulmaria forma pulchrifolia · F. ulmaria forma subdenudata · F. ulmaria 'Plena' (Double-Flowered Queen of The Meadow) · F. ulmaria 'Rosea' · F. ulmaria ulmaria (Queen of the Meadow) · F. ulmaria var. cinerea · F. ulmaria var. concolor · F. ulmaria var. denudata · F. ulmaria var. glaberrima · F. ulmaria var. glauca · F. ulmaria var. nivea · F. ulmaria var. pubescens · F. ulmaria 'Variegata' (Variegated Queen of the Meadow) · F. ulmaria x stepposa · F. vestita · F. vestita f. vestita · F. vestita f. viridula · F. vestita forma vestita · F. vulgaris (Meadow Sweet) · F. vulgaris 'Devon Cream' · F. vulgaris f. hevesiensis · F. vulgaris 'Flore Plena' · F. vulgaris 'Flore Pleno' (Meadowsweet)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 30, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Filipendula". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 193. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Standard Deviation = 27.830 based on 24 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/2/2009