Fremontodendron decumbens

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Common Names

Description

Family Sterculiaceae

Trees or shrubs , rarely herbs or liana; young growth usually stellately hairy ; bark mucilaginous and rich in fibers. Leaves alternate; stipules usually present caducous ; leaf blade simple , rarely palmately compound , entire, serrate, or parted . Inflorescence axillary or rarely terminal , paniculate , corymbose , racemose, or cymose , rarely solitary. Flowers unisexual , bisexual or polygamous. Sepals (3-) 5, ± connate , rarely free , valvate . Petals 5 or lacking, free or adnate to base of androecium, convolutely imbricate. Androgynophore usually present; filaments usually connate into a single tube ; staminodes 5, tonguelike or filiform , opposite to sepals, sometimes lacking; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent . Pistil consisting of 2-5(or 10-12) ± connate carpels, or a single carpel; ovary superior, 2-5(or 10-12) -loculed; ovules 2 or more per locule; style 1 or as many as carpels. Fruit usually a capsule or follicle, dehiscent or indehiscent, very rarely a berry or nut. Seeds with abundant endosperm or endosperm lacking; embryo straight or curved .

About 68 genera and ca. 1100 species: tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, a few in temperate regions ; 19 genera (two introduced ) and 90 species (39 endemic, three introduced) in China.

The Chinese genera fit into four distinct clades which can be treated as subfamilies of an enlarged Malvaceae or as distinct families. These are Sterculioideae/Sterculiaceae s.s. (genera 1-4), Helicteroideae/Helicteraceae (genera 5 and 6), Byttnerioideae/Byttneriaceae (genera 7-13), and Dombeyoideae/Pentapetaceae (genera 14-19) .[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 10-12' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Fremontodendron Californicum Decumbens

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Brittonia 17:382. 1965

Name verified on 27-Jun-1995 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Similar Species

Members of the genus Fremontodendron

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

F. 'California Glory' (Flannel Bush) · F. californica · F. californicum (Californian Slippery Elm) · F. californicum decumbens · F. californicum napense · F. californicum var. obispoense · F. 'Dara's Gold' · F. decumbens (Pine Hill Flannel Bush) · F. 'Ken Taylor' · F. mexicana · F. mexicanum (Mexican Flannel Bush) · F. napense · F. 'Pacific Sunset' (Flannel Bush) · F. 'San Gabriel' (Flannel Bush) · F. 'Tequila Sunrise'

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• (2001). NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, Virginia. Version 1.4. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/. Accessed: 2002.
• Berg, R.Y. 1966. Seed Dispersal of Dendromecon: Its Ecologic, Evolutionary, and Taxonomic Significance. American Journal of Botany. 53, 1: 61-73.
• Boyd, B. The effects of controlled burning on three rare plants. Conservation and Management of Rare and Endangered Plants; 5 - 8 November 1986; Sacramento, Calif. In: Elias, T., editor. 1987. California Native Plant Society.
• Boyd, R.S. 2001. Ecological Benefits of Myrmecochory for the Endangered Chaparral Shrub Fremontodendron decumbens (Sterculiaceae). American Journal of Botany. 88, 2: 234-241.
• Boyd, Robert S. 1994. Pollination Biology Of The Rare Shrub Fremontodendron decumbens (Sterculiaceae). Madroño. 41, 4: 277.
• CalPhotos. (2002). CalPhotos: Berkely Digital Library Project. University of California, Berkeley. http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/. Accessed: 2002.
• Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep) [= F. californicum subsp. decumbens (R. M. Lloyd) Munz].
• Howard, Alice Q. 1978. Pine Hill--A Case in Point. Fremontia. 5, 4: 3-5.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
• Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.
• Kelman, W. M. 1991. Syst. Bot. 16:16.
• Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized): Agriculture Handbook No. 541. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. p.375.
• Meyer, S. 2002. Woody Plant Seed Manual-Fremontodendron. U.S. Forest Service.
• USFWS. (2002). Some Threatened and Endangered Plants Found Mainly in California. Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. http://sacramento.fws.gov/es/plant_spp_accts/acctplant.htm. Accessed: 2002.
• USFWS. 1976. Proposed Endangered Status for 1700 U.S. Plants. Federal Register. 41: 24523-24572.
• USFWS. 2000. Notice of Availability of an Amendment to the Draft Recovery Plant for Gabbro Soil Plants of the Central Sierra Nevada Foothhills for Review and Comment. Federal Register. 65, 230: 71117-71118.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List) [= F. californicum subsp. decumbens (R. M. Lloyd) Munz].
• Hsue Hsiang-hao. 1984. Sterculiaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 112-189.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2667160
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-502666
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13759563
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:823367-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 402345
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 502666
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 105968-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSTE03030
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: FRCAD
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 38659

Footnotes

1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Sterculiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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