Ilex anomala (Hawai'i Holly)

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Hawai'i Holly, Hawaii Holly

Description

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Genus Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees . Leaves coriaceous , often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous . Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete , stigma lobed . Drupe fleshy , pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.

400 species, tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. Represented in Pakistan by 2 species (excluding 1 cultivated species) .[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Tree , Shrub

Flowers: White flowers. Blooms in mid-spring. Atrracts bees and butterflies.

Seeds: Fruit: Females produce red berries in fall and autumn if a male of the same species is within 100 feet. Many migrating birds, such as robins, will gorge on the fruit.

Foliage: Tiny, narrow, dark green, shallowly toothed , oval to ovate glossy evergreen . • Fall foliage: Green

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Slow to moderate.

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feeding should be done in early spring or late autumn with a fertilizer formulated for acid-loving broad-leaved evergreens, such as cottonseed meal , rhododendron fertilizer, Miracid�, etc. If pruning becomes necessary, do it in early spring before new growth begins, trimming towards a symmetrical shape .

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart. Propagate from cuttings. Plant your holly in early spring , before new growth begins and mulch with a 2- to 4-inch layer of wood chips , sawdust, pine needles , ground bark or other coarse material to keep the roots cool and moist.

Soil: Requires well-drained, slightly acid, fertile soil.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to partial shade. Although semi-shade is preferable in midsummer, the more light it has the more dense its foliage will be.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Keep the soil moist during the summer growing season , but allow it to dry somewhat in early fall to allow the new growth to mature enough to resist winter damage.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Magnoliopsida () - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
        Subclass: Rosidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Celastranae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Icacinales () - Van Tieghem Ex Reveal, 1993
        Family: Aquifoliaceae () - Bartling, 1830, Nom. Cons.
        Genus: Ilex () - Linn., Sp. Pl. 125. 1753. - Holly
        Specific epithet: anomala - Hook. & Arn.
        Botanical name: - Ilex anomala Hook. & Arn.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Bot. Beechey Voy. 111. 1832

Name verified on 22-Mar-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 06-Jun-2007

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ilex

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2039 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2651783
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-28014
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743701
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:83043-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 450835
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28014
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 83043-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAQU01030
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ILAN
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42443

Footnotes

"Ilex". in Flora of Pakistan Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Ilex anomala

Overview

Common Names

Description

Genus Ilex

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Landscaping

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ilex

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes