Overview
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Endangered |
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Interesting Facts
Description
Family Balsaminaceae
Herbs annual
or perennial
[rarely epiphytic or subshrubs
]. Stems erect
or procumbent
, usually succulent, often rooting
at lower nodes. Leaves simple
, alternate, opposite, or verticillate
, not stipulate
, or sometimes with stipular
glands
at base
of petiole
, petiolate
or sessile, pinnately veined, margin
serrate to nearly entire, teeth often glandular-mucronate. Flowers bisexual
, protandrous, zygomorphic, resupinate to through 180° in axillary
or subterminal
racemes
or pseudo-umbellate inflorescences, or not pedunculate
, fascicled or solitary. Sepals 3(or 5) ; lateral
sepals free
or connate
, margins entire or serrate; lower sepal (lip) large, petaloid
, usually navicular
, funnelform
, saccate
, or cornute
, tapering or abruptly constricted
into a nectariferous
spur broadly or narrowly filiform
, straight, curved
, incurved
, or ± coiled
, swollen at tip
, or pointed
, rarely 2-lobed, rarely without spur. Petals 5, free, upper petal (standard
) flat or cucullate
, small or large, often crested
abaxially, lateral petals free or united
in pairs (wing
) . Stamens 5, alternating with petals, connate or nearly so into a ring
surrounding ovary and stigma, falling off in one piece before stigma ripens; filaments
short, flat with a scalelike appendage
inside; anthers
2-celled, connivent, opening by a slit or pore
. Gynoecium 4- or 5-carpellate, syncarpous
; ovary superior, 4- or 5-loculed, each locule with 2 to many anatropous ovules
; style 1, very short or ± absent; stigmas 1-5. Fruit an indehiscent berry, or a 4- or 5-valved loculicidal fleshy
capsule, usually dehiscing elastically. Seeds dispersed explosively from opening valves
, without endosperm; testa smooth
or tuberculate
.
Two genera and more than 900 species: mainly in tropical
and subtropical
Africa, some species in temperate
Asia, Europe, and North America; two genera and 228 species (187 endemic, two introduced
) in China; three additional species (all endemic) are of uncertain placement.
All but one of the species in the family
belong to Impatiens. The unispecific Hydrocera is confined to India and SE Asia.[1]
Genus Impatiens
Morphological characters are the same as those of the family
, except: lateral
petals always united
in pairs into lateral, united petals; fruit a fleshy
, explosive capsule; seeds often dispersed elastically from valves
when ripe
.
More than 900 species: tropical
and subtropical
mountains of the E hemisphere, some species in temperate
Asia, Europe, and North America; 227 species (187 endemic, two introduced
) in China; three additional species (all endemic) of uncertain placement.
Taxonomically, Impatiens is a very difficult group. The stem is usually fleshy and succulent, making collected specimens difficult to dry and conserve. The texture
of the sepals and petals is very delicate, extremely thin and hyaline
. In dried specimens, all of the flower parts are often plicate
and coalesced
. Although it is difficult to separate and reconstruct the flower parts, determining the shapes
and sizes of the sepals and petals, and apices of the anthers
(i.e.
, obtuse
or acute), is necessary for identification. To identify and describe every species exactly, we removed flowers from specimens, immersed
them in water, and dissected
them under a microscope to observe their flower and anther characters clearly. This process
is not only time-consuming but also uncertain of success.[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Geranianae
(
)
- (Dumortier, 1829) Takhtajan, 1997
- Order:
Ericales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Balsaminaceae
(
)
- A. Richard, 1822
- touch-me-nots
- Genus:
Impatiens
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Touch-me-not
- Specific epithet:
obesa
- Hook.f.
- Botanical name: - Impatiens obesa Hook.f.
- Specific epithet:
obesa
- Hook.f.
- Genus:
Impatiens
(
- Family:
Balsaminaceae
(
- Order:
Ericales
(
- Superorder:
Geranianae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Hook.f. Publication : Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Ser. IV , x . 242 (1908).
Similar Species
Members of the genus Impatiens
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 170 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
I. aurella (Pale-Yellow Jewel-Weed) · I. auricoma 'Jungle Gold' (Impatiens) · I. balfourii (Balfour's Touch-Me-Not) · I. balsamina (Balsam) · I. balsamina 'Blackberry Trifle' (Blackberry Trifle Garden Balsam) · I. balsamina 'Camellia Blackberry Trifle' (Balsam) · I. balsamina 'Camellia Flowered Mix' (Balsam) · I. balsamina 'Camellia Peppermint Stick' (Balsam) · I. balsamina 'Peppermint Stick' (Peppermint Stick Garden Balsam) · I. capensis (Jewelweed) · I. cinnabarina (Impatiens) · I. ecalcarata (Spurless Touch-Me-Not) · I. edgeworthii (Impatiens) · I. flanaganae (Impatiens) · I. glandulifera (Himalayan Balsam) · I. glandulifera f. pallidiflora (Ornamental Jewelweed) · I. glandulifera 'Wine Red' (Policemans Helmet) · I. grandis 'Rosa' (Impatiens) · I. hawkeri var. Sonic Light Lavender (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. hians (Impatiens) · I. kilimanjari (Impatiens) · I. mirabilis (Impatiens) · I. niamniamensis (Congo Cockatoo) · I. niamniamensis 'Hare's Hybrid' (Congo Cockatoo) · I. niamniamensis 'King Congo' (Congo Cockatoo) · I. niamniamensis 'Pink Princess' (Congo Cockatoo) · I. niamniamensis 'Queen Congo' (Congo Cockatoo) · I. niamniamensis 'Renata' (Congo Cockatoo) · I. noli-tangere (Western Jewel-Weed) · I. noli-tangere biflora (Western Touch-Me-Not) · I. oliveri (Oliver's Touch-Me-Not) · I. omeiana (Busy Lizzie) · I. pallida (Pale Jewel Weed) · I. parviflora (Small Flower Touch-Me-Not) · I. parviflora nevskii (Smallflower Touchmenot) · I. repens (Balsam) · I. sodenii (Poor Mans Rhododendron) · I. sodenii 'Alba' (Poor Mans Rhododendron) · I. stenantha (Impatiens) · I. textori (Impatiens) · I. textori f. pallescens (Impatiens) · I. tinctoria (Impatiens) · I. walleriana (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana Fiesta Olé Cherry (Fiesta Ole Cherry Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Accent Bright Eyes' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Burgundy' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Cranberry Punch Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Lavender Blue' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Mystic Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Pink' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Red' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Salmon' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Star Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent Violet' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Accent White' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Blitz Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Bruno Orange' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Butterfly Cherry' (Cherry Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Dazzler Orange' (Orange Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta Apple Blossom' (Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta Lavender Orchid' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta Ole Rose' (Fiesta Ole Rose Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta Salmon Sunrise' (Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta Salsa Red' (Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Fiesta White' (Double Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Jellybean Coral with Blue Eyes' (Coral With Blue Eye Impatiens) · I. walleriana'Jellybean Red' (Red Impatiens) · I. walleriana'Jellybean Rose' (Rose Impatiens) · I. walleriana'Kokomo Petite Orange' (Petite Orange Impatiens) · I. walleriana'Little Lizzy Orange Nova' (Orange Nova Impatiens Impatiens) · I. walleriana 'Mosaic Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Shady Lady Bride' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Shady Lady Burgundy' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Stardust Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Super Elfin Swirl' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Swirl Coral' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Swirl Mixed' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Swirl Pink' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Tempo Crystal Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Tempo Lilac' (Busy Lizzy) · I. walleriana 'Tempo Pastel Mix' (Busy Lizzy) · I. x hawkeri (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Celebration Red' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Harmony Light Orchid' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Harmony Raspberry Cream' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Harmony Violet' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Blushing Lilac' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Cherry Red' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Dark Pink' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Dark Salmon Glow' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Lavender' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Light Purple' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Light Salmon' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Lilac' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Orange' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Orange Frost' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Pink' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Pink Frost' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Pink Kiss' (New Guinea Impatiens) · I. x hawkeri 'Infinity Red' (New Guinea Impatiens)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 18 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 9.
- Chen Yiling. 2001. Balsaminaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 47(2): ii-vii, 1-243.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed May 2, 2012.
- China Plant Specialist Group 2004. Impatiens obesa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 01February2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5912531
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15226304
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:103825-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 103825-1
- IUCN ID: 216273
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1029459
Footnotes
- Yilin Chen, Shinobu Akiyama & Hideaki Ohba "Balsaminaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 43. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Impatiens". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 43. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- China Plant Specialist Group 2004. Impatiens obesa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 01 February 2012. [back]
