Juncus bulbosus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades . Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Margins and siliceous or peaty shores of pools and streams , often floating; 0--200 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,701 meters (0 to 15,423 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.

Taxonomy

Synonyms

J. supinus Moench • Juncus bulbosus f. fluitans (Lam.) F. Navarro • Juncus bulbosus f. geniculatus (Asch. & Graebn.) Sóo • Juncus bulbosus f. maroccanus (Font Quer) Maire • Juncus bulbosus f. nanus (Peterm.) Sóo • Juncus bulbosus f. pygmaeus (T. Marsson) Fern. -Carv. & F. Navarro • Juncus bulbosus f. submersus (Glück) Sóo • Juncus bulbosus f. uliginosus (Roth) Fern. -Carv. • Juncus bulbosus f. welwitschii (Hochst. Ex Steud.) Sóo • Juncus bulbosus kochii (F. W. Schultz) Reichg. • Juncus bulbosus var. fluitans (Lam.) Beck • Juncus bulbosus var. maroccanus Font Quer • Juncus bulbosus var. uliginosus (Roth) Beck • Juncus fasciculatus Schrank • Juncus fluitans Lam. • Juncus husnotii (Rouy) Prain • Juncus kochii F. W. Schultz • Juncus kockii F. W. Schultz • Juncus setifolius Ehrh. • Juncus subverticillatus var. fluitans (Lam.) Wallr. • Juncus subverticillatus var. supinus (Moench) Wallr. • Juncus subverticillatus Wulfen • Juncus supinus bulbosus (L.) K. Richt. • Juncus supinus f. confervaceus (St. -Lag.) Buchenau • Juncus supinus f. fluitans (Lam.) Neuman • Juncus supinus f. nanus Peterm. • Juncus supinus f. submersus Glück • Juncus supinus fluitans (Lam.) K. Richt. • Juncus supinus kochii (F. W. Schultz) Nyman • Juncus supinus Moench • Juncus supinus t. infr. husnotii Rouy • Juncus supinus t. infr. kochii Rouy • Juncus supinus uliginosus (Roth) K. Richt. • Juncus supinus var. aquatilis Gren. & Godr. • Juncus supinus var. confervaceus (St. -Lag.) Rouy • Juncus supinus var. cylindricus Husn. • Juncus supinus var. erectus Neilr. • Juncus supinus var. fluitans (Lam.) Fr. • Juncus supinus var. fluitans Neilr. • Juncus supinus var. kochii (F. W. Schultz) Syme • Juncus supinus var. nodosus Lange • Juncus supinus var. pygmaeus T. Marsson • Juncus supinus var. repens Gren. & Godr. • Juncus supinus var. repens Neilr. • Juncus supinus var. terrestris Lange • Juncus supinus var. uliginosus (Roth) Fr. • Juncus supinus var. viviparus (Relhan) Willk. & Lange • Juncus supinus var. welwitschii (Hochst. Ex Steud.) Cout. • Juncus supinus welwitschii (Steud.) K. Richt. • Juncus uliginosus Roth • Juncus uliginosus var. fluitans (Lam.) Spenn. • Juncus uliginosus var. minor Hook. • Juncus uliginosus var. supinus (Moench) Spenn. • Juncus viviparus Relhan • Juncus welwitschii Hochst. Ex Steud. • Phylloschoenus supinus (Moench) Fourr.

Notes

Publishing author : Ehrh. Publication : Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] vi. 81

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 195 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

J. acuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush) · J. acutiflorus (Sharp-Flower Rush) · J. acutiflorus acutiflorus (Sharpflower Rush) · J. acutus (Sharp Rush) · J. acutus acutus (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus f. xanthosus (Spiny-Rush) · J. acutus leopoldii (Spiny Rush) · J. aemulans (Common Rush) · J. alpiniformis (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus nodulosus (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus var. macrocephalus (Northern Green Rush) · J. ambiguus (Rush) · J. ambiguus var. ossoraicus (Rush) · J. anthelatus (Greater Poverty Rush) · J. arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus littoralis (Arctic Rush) · J. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus articulatus (Jointleaf Rush) · J. articulatus f. natans (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. pallidus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. stolonifer (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. zapalowiczii (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus subsp. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. australis (Austral Rush) · J. balticus (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. melanogenus Fern. & Wieg. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. stenocarpus Buch. & Fern. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. vallicola Rydb. (Valley Rush) · J. biglumis (Two-Flowered Rush) · J. blue glauca (Blue Rush) · J. bolanderi (Bolander's Rush) · J. brachycarpus (Short-Fruit Rush) · J. brachycephalus (Small-Head Rush) · J. brachyphyllus (Short-Leaf Rush) · J. brevicaudatus (Canadian Rush) · J. breweri (Brewer's Rush) · J. bryoides (Moss Rush) · J. bufonius (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. congestus Wahlenb. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. occidentalis F.J.Herm. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. cogdonii (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. halophilus (Toad Rush) · J. bulbosus (Bulbous Rush) · J. caesariensis (New Jersey Rush) · J. canadensis (Canada Rush) · J. capillaris (Hairy-Stem Rush) · J. capitatus (Capitate Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus var. castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus leucochlamys (Chestnut Rush) · J. chlorocephalus (Green-Headed Rush) · J. compressus (Flattened Rush) · J. confusus (Colorado Rush) · J. conglomeratus (Common Rush) · J. cooperi (Cooper Rush) · J. coriaceus (Leathery Rush) · J. covillei (Coville Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. covillei Piper (Coville's Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. obtusatus C.L.Hitchc. (Coville's Rush) · J. cyperoides (Forbestown Rush) · J. debilis (Weak Rush) · J. decipiens 'Curly Wurly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. dichotomus (Forked Rush) · J. diffusissimus (Diffuse Rush) · J. drummondii (Drummond's Rush) · J. drummondii var. subtriflorus (E.Mey.) C.L.Hitchc. (Threeflower Rush) · J. dubius (Mariposa Rush) · J. dudleyi (Dudley's Rush) · J. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus effusus var. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus gracilis (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus L. var. decipiens (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus pacificus var. pacificus (Pacific Rush) · J. effusus var. brunneus Engelm. (Soft Rush) · J. effusus var. exiguus Fern. & Wieg. (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis 'Variegata' (Variegated Spiral Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Frenzy' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Glaucus' (Blue Rush) · J. effusus 'Goldstrike' (Goldstrike Cork Screw Rush) · J. effusus 'Lemon Twist' (Striped Spiral Rush) · J. effusus 'Quarter Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Quartz Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Squiggly Wiggly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Unicorn' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. elliottii (Bog Rush) · J. ensifolius (Swordleaf Rush) · J. ensifolius var. brunnescens (Swordleaf Rush) · J. falcatus (Falcate Rush) · J. filiformis (Thread Rush) · J. filipendulus (Plains Rush) · J. foliosus (Toad Rush) · J. fulvescens (Rush) · J. georgianus (Georgia Rush) · J. gerardii (Black-Grass Rush) · J. gerardii gerardii (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gerardii Loisel. var. pedicellatus Fern. (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gracilescens (Rush)

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI-GPC
• "Juncus bulbosus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Dorset Environmental Records Centre - Bryophyte Survey of the Poole Basin Mires - NBN South West Pilot Project Case Studies
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659908
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-259
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5341511
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442774-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39255
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 442771-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMJUN013F0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JUSU8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 42467

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Juncus bulbosus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 250.020 meters (820.276 feet), Standard Deviation = 454.540 based on 72,543 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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