Juncus arcticus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades. Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,107 meters (0 to 16,755 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Juncus arcticus var. tuvinicus Polozhij
2. Juncus pauciflorus Moench Ex Schleich.

Notes

Publishing author : Trautv. Publication : Act. Hort. Petrop. v. (1877) 119 Publishing author: V.S.Novikov Publication: in Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispȳt. Prir., Biol., 86(5): 103 (1981) 1981 Basionym : Juncaceae Juncus muelleri Trautv.Basionym author: (Trautv.) Basionym: Juncaceae Juncus arcticus Hook. subsp. alaskanusBasionym author: (Hult.) Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Wilson K .L.

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2(1):206. 1799

Name verified on 30-Mar-2005 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1350 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

J. abjectus · J. abortivus · J. acicularis · J. acumiantus · J. acuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush) · J. acuminatus debilis · J. acuminatus f. sphaerocephalus · J. acuminatus legitimus · J. acuminatus robustus · J. acuminatus var. paradoxus · J. acuminatus var. sensu · J. acutangulus · J. acutiflorus (Sharp-Flower Rush) · J. acutiflorus acutiflorus (Sharpflower Rush) · J. acutiflorus rugosus · J. acutiflorus × articulatus · J. acuto-maritimus · J. acutus (Sharp Rush) · J. acutus acutus (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus f. xanthosus (Spiny-Rush) · J. acutus leopoldii (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus littoralis · J. acutus sphaerocarpus · J. acutus subsp. leopoldii · J. adscendens · J. aemulans (Common Rush) · J. affinis · J. agrostophyllus · J. alatus · J. albescens · J. albicans · J. albidus · J. albus · J. aletaiensis · J. alexandri · J. alexandri alexandri · J. alexandri melanobasis · J. alexandri subsp. melanobasis · J. allioides · J. alpestris · J. alpiarticulatus · J. alpigenus · J. alpiniformis (Alpine Rush) · J. alpino · J. alpino-articulatus · J. alpinoarticulatus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus alpestris · J. alpinoarticulatus alpinoarticulatus · J. alpinoarticulatus americanus · J. alpinoarticulatus fischeranus · J. alpinoarticulatus fischerianus · J. alpinoarticulatus fuscencens · J. alpinoarticulatus fuscescens · J. alpinoarticulatus nodulosus (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus rariflorus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. alpestris · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. americanus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fischeranus · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscencens · J. alpinoarticulatus subsp. fuscescens · J. alpinoarticulatus var. macrocephalus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinus · J. alpinus alpinus · J. alpinus and · J. alpinus australis · J. alpinus f. obtusatus · J. alpinus fuscescens · J. alpinus insignis · J. alpinus nodulosus · J. alpinus subsp. turczaninovii · J. alpinus turczaninovii · J. alpinus var. americana · J. altus · J. amabilis · J. ambiguus (Seasice Rush) · J. ambiguus turkestanicus · J. ambiguus var. ossoraicus (Rush) · J. amplifolius · J. amuricus · J. anatolicus · J. anceps · J. andersonii · J. andicola · J. andicolus · J. angustifolius · J. annuus · J. anonymus · J. antarcticus · J. anthelatus (Greater Poverty Rush) · J. aquarrosus · J. aquaticus · J. arabicus · J. arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus alaskanus · J. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus balticus · J. arcticus grubovii · J. arcticus littoralis (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus mexicanus · J. arcticus pyrenaeus

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Further Reading

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• Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift für Systematik, Floristik, Pflanzengeographie etc. Karlsruhe: J.J. Reiff, 1895-1928. GER url p. 194, p. 63.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 457, p. 457.
• Aperçu de la végétation et des plantes cultivées de la Suède / par N. J. Andersson. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt, 1867. FRE url p. 48.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 337.
• Atlas de la flora alpine. Publié par le Club alpin allemand et autrichien. Genève, Georg & Co., 1899. FRE url p. 189.
• Atlas der Alpenflora / herausgegeben vom Deutschen und Oesterreichischen Alpenverein; nach der Natur gemalt von Anton Hartinger; mit Text von K.W. v. Dalla Torre. Wien: Eigenthum und Verlag des Deutschen und Oesterr. Alpenvereins, 1882. GER url p. 547.
• Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Socit botanique Suisse. [Zrich]: Die Gesellschaft, 1891-1981. FRE url p. 12.
• Botanischer Taschenbegleiter des Alpenclubisten: Eine Hochalpenflora der Schweiz und des alpinen Deutschlands; ein Hülfsmittel für Anfänger und Liebhaber, in leichtfasslicher Weise und in kürzester Zeit den botanischen Namen einer Hochalpenpflanze von Zürich: Schabelitz, 1871. GER url p. 93.
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• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: H. Hagerups Forlag, ENG url p. 205.
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• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 793.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 29, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed September 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI-GPC
• "Juncus arcticus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 28, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• NLBIF, Limnodata
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659887
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-377
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13815854
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442686-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 448320
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 39222
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 442684-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMJUN01080
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: JUARA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 44816

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 479.330 meters (1,572.605 feet), Standard Deviation = 514.890 based on 4,993 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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