Juncus conglomeratus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Juncaceae

Herbs, very rarely shrublike, perennial or annual , tufted or with erect or creeping rhizome. Stems erect, terete or laterally flattened. Leaves occasionally reduced to a bladeless or nearly bladeless sheath at base of stem (cataphyll) ; leaf sheath often shortly prolonged on both sides into a pair of auricles at leaf blade juncture; leaf blade of basal and cauline leaves usually linear or filiform , grasslike and flat, or terete, glabrous except for pilose margin on some grasslike blades . Inflorescence a panicle, corymb, or 1-flowered. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, mostly wind pollinated, regular, usually small, usually 1- or 2-bracteolate at base. Perianth segments (3 or) 6, in (1 or) 2 whorls, free , usually greenish to brownish or blackish, rarely white or yellowish, glumelike. Stamens 3 or 6, if 6 then 3 opposite outer perianth segments; filaments thin; anthers basifixed , 2-loculed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in tetrads . Ovary superior, 1-loculed, or divided by 3 septa and 3-loculed, or incompletely septate ; ovules 3 and inserted at base of ovary, or numerous and biseriate on 3 parietal placentas. Stigmas 3, papillose . Fruit a capsule, 1--3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose , ovoid , or fusiform , small, sometimes appendaged; appendage caudate ; embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

About eight genera and ca. 400 species: widely distributed in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres, in tropical regions restricted to high elevations ; two genera and 92 species (33 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual , rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section . Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled , ensiform or terete , sometimes septate , margins involute . Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal . Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid , sometimes tailed .

Species ca. 300: worldwide except Antarctica.[2]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,840 meters (0 to 6,037 feet).[3]

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Juncus acutus conglomeratus Buchenau • Juncus communis conglomeratus (L.) Celak. • Juncus communis subvar. viridiflorus (Buchenau) Rouy • Juncus communis var. conglomeratus (L.) E. Mey. • Juncus conglomeratus b. t. infr. viridiflorus (Buchenau) Asch. & Graebn. • Juncus conglomeratus subuliflorus (Drejer) Nyman • Juncus conglomeratus var. laxus (Beck) I. Grint. • Juncus conglomeratus var. umbrosus (Asch. & Graebn.) I. Grint. • Juncus effusus var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. in A.Gray • Juncus effusus conglomeratus (L.) Husn. • Juncus effusus f. conglomeratus (L.) Reichg. • Juncus effusus var. conglomeratus (L.) Bosch • Juncus glomeratus Thunb. • Juncus leersii f. subuliflorus (Drejer) Neuman • Juncus leersii f. viridiflorus (Buchenau) Buchenau • Juncus leersii T. Marsson • Juncus leersii var. laxus Beck • Juncus leersii var. praeflorens Ade & Vollm. • Juncus leersii var. subuliflorus (Drejer) Buchenau • Juncus leersii var. viridiflorus Buchenau • Juncus matthioli Bubani • Juncus subuliflorus Drejer • Juncus subuliflorus f. laxus (Beck) Reichg. • Juncus subuliflorus f. leersii (T. Marsson) Reichg. • Juncus subuliflorus f. praeflorens (Ade & Vollm.) Reichg.

Notes

Publishing author : L.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Juncus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 195 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

J. acuminatus (Sharp-Fruit Rush) · J. acutiflorus (Sharp-Flower Rush) · J. acutiflorus acutiflorus (Sharpflower Rush) · J. acutus (Sharp Rush) · J. acutus acutus (Spiny Rush) · J. acutus f. xanthosus (Spiny-Rush) · J. acutus leopoldii (Spiny Rush) · J. aemulans (Common Rush) · J. alpiniformis (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus (Northern Green Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus nodulosus (Alpine Rush) · J. alpinoarticulatus var. macrocephalus (Northern Green Rush) · J. ambiguus (Rush) · J. ambiguus var. ossoraicus (Rush) · J. anthelatus (Greater Poverty Rush) · J. arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus arcticus (Arctic Rush) · J. arcticus littoralis (Arctic Rush) · J. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus articulatus (Jointleaf Rush) · J. articulatus f. natans (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. pallidus (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. stolonifer (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus f. zapalowiczii (Jointed Rush) · J. articulatus subsp. articulatus (Jointed Rush) · J. australis (Austral Rush) · J. balticus (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. melanogenus Fern. & Wieg. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. stenocarpus Buch. & Fern. (Baltic Rush) · J. balticus Willd. var. vallicola Rydb. (Valley Rush) · J. biglumis (Two-Flowered Rush) · J. blue glauca (Blue Rush) · J. bolanderi (Bolander's Rush) · J. brachycarpus (Short-Fruit Rush) · J. brachycephalus (Small-Head Rush) · J. brachyphyllus (Short-Leaf Rush) · J. brevicaudatus (Canadian Rush) · J. breweri (Brewer's Rush) · J. bryoides (Moss Rush) · J. bufonius (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. congestus Wahlenb. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius L. var. occidentalis F.J.Herm. (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. cogdonii (Toad Rush) · J. bufonius var. halophilus (Toad Rush) · J. bulbosus (Bulbous Rush) · J. caesariensis (New Jersey Rush) · J. canadensis (Canada Rush) · J. capillaris (Hairy-Stem Rush) · J. capitatus (Capitate Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus castaneus var. castaneus (Chestnut Rush) · J. castaneus leucochlamys (Chestnut Rush) · J. chlorocephalus (Green-Headed Rush) · J. compressus (Flattened Rush) · J. confusus (Colorado Rush) · J. conglomeratus (Common Rush) · J. cooperi (Cooper Rush) · J. coriaceus (Leathery Rush) · J. covillei (Coville Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. covillei Piper (Coville's Rush) · J. covillei Piper var. obtusatus C.L.Hitchc. (Coville's Rush) · J. cyperoides (Forbestown Rush) · J. debilis (Weak Rush) · J. decipiens 'Curly Wurly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. dichotomus (Forked Rush) · J. diffusissimus (Diffuse Rush) · J. drummondii (Drummond's Rush) · J. drummondii var. subtriflorus (E.Mey.) C.L.Hitchc. (Threeflower Rush) · J. dubius (Mariposa Rush) · J. dudleyi (Dudley's Rush) · J. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus effusus var. effusus (Common Rush) · J. effusus gracilis (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus L. var. decipiens (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus pacificus var. pacificus (Pacific Rush) · J. effusus var. brunneus Engelm. (Soft Rush) · J. effusus var. exiguus Fern. & Wieg. (Lamp Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus var. Spiralis 'Variegata' (Variegated Spiral Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Frenzy' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Glaucus' (Blue Rush) · J. effusus 'Goldstrike' (Goldstrike Cork Screw Rush) · J. effusus 'Lemon Twist' (Striped Spiral Rush) · J. effusus 'Quarter Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Quartz Creek' (Soft Rush) · J. effusus 'Squiggly Wiggly' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. effusus 'Unicorn' (Corkscrew Rush) · J. elliottii (Bog Rush) · J. ensifolius (Swordleaf Rush) · J. ensifolius var. brunnescens (Swordleaf Rush) · J. falcatus (Falcate Rush) · J. filiformis (Thread Rush) · J. filipendulus (Plains Rush) · J. foliosus (Toad Rush) · J. fulvescens (Rush) · J. georgianus (Georgia Rush) · J. gerardii (Black-Grass Rush) · J. gerardii gerardii (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gerardii Loisel. var. pedicellatus Fern. (Saltmeadow Rush) · J. gracilescens (Rush)

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Further Reading

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• Wu Kuo-fang. 1997. Juncaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3): 146--253.
• Engelmann, G. 1866--1868. Revision of the North American species of the genus Juncus, with a description of new or imperfectly known species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 2(2, 3): 424--498.
• Hermann, F. J. 1975. Manual of the Rushes (Juncus spp.) of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Fort Collins, Colo. [U.S.D.A. Forest Serv. , Gen. Techn. Rep. RM-18.]

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 30 providers.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI-GPC
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2782581
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-390
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5304283
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442841-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 132084-2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 431870

Footnotes

1. Guofang Wu & Steven E. Clemants "Juncaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 44. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ralph E. Brooks, Steven E. Clemants "Juncus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 128.420 meters (421.325 feet), Standard Deviation = 171.620 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.