Overview
|
Endangered |
 |
 | |
 |
Description
Genus Juniperus
Shrubs
or trees
evergreen
. Branchlets
terete
, 3--6 angled
, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays
. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks
or in whorls of 3. Adult
leaves closely appressed
to divergent, scalelike to subulate
, free
portion to ca.
10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ) ; abaxial
gland
visible or not, elongate
to hemispheric
( J. ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs
. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose
to ovoid
and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed
, usually glaucous; scales
persistent
, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced
, thick and fleshy
or fibrous
to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted
, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x
= 11.
Species ca. 60: primarily Northern Hemisphere, 1 in e Africa.
Juniperus is the only dioecious (sometimes monoecious) genus of Cupressaceae in the flora
. Cones, generally terminal
, are axillary
in J. communis.
Numerous
cultivars of Juniperus species are widely used for landscaping. Mutants
, or "sports," affecting plant habit and foliage
are present in all species and are likely related to single-gene mutations
. Many have been given formal names
or incorrectly ascribed to hybridization. Gymnocarpy (bare seeds protruding from the cone), caused by insect larvae (T. A. Zanoni 1978), is occasionally found in most junipers, particularly in the southwestern United
States. Specimens with such aberrations
may be almost impossible to identify without chemical data.[1]
Habitat
Ecology: Montane pine-oak forest .[2]
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Pinopsida
()
- Order:
Pinales
()
- Family:
Pseudophasmatoidea
()
- Genus:
Juniperus
()
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1038. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 461, 1754.
- Juniper, cedar, redcedar, cedro, sabino [Latin juniperus, name for juniper]
- Specific epithet:
jaliscana
- Martínez
- Botanical name: - Juniperus jaliscana Martínez
- Specific epithet:
jaliscana
- Martínez
- Genus:
Juniperus
(
- Family:
Pseudophasmatoidea
(
- Order:
Pinales
(
- Class:
Pinopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Farjon A., 11-Jan-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Juniperus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 913 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
J. abyssinica · J. alba · J. alpina · J. alvordensis · J. angosturana · J. arborea · J. argaea · J. argentea · J. arizonica · J. armstrongi · J. aromatica · J. ashei (Ashe´s Juniper) · J. attica · J. badia · J. barbadensis · J. barbadensis L. var. barbadensis · J. barbadensis var. barbadensis · J. barbadensis var. lucayana · J. bedfordiana · J. bermudiana (Bermuda Juniper) · J. biasoletti · J. blancoi · J. blancoi var. blancoi · J. blancoi var. mucronata · J. bregeoni · J. bregeonii · J. brevifolia · J. caesia · J. californica (California Juniper) · J. californica utahensis · J. californica var. osteosperma · J. californica var. siskiyouensis · J. californicus · J. canadensis · J. canescens · J. caucasica · J. cedrosiana · J. cedrus (Canary Islands Juniper) · J. cerrosianus · J. chinensis (Gold Tip Pfitzeriana Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Alba Recurva' · J. chinensis 'Ames' · J. chinensis L. 'Ames' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Armstrong' · J. chinensis 'Aurea' (Gold Coast Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Aureo-globosa' · J. chinensis L. 'Aureovariegata' · J. chinensis 'Bakaurea' (Gold Star® Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Belvedere' · J. chinensis L. 'Blaauws Varietat' · J. chinensis 'Blaauw' · J. chinensis L. 'Blauws' · J. chinensis 'Blue Alps' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Blue and Gold' · J. chinensis L. 'Blue Cloud' · J. chinensis 'Blue Point' (Blue Point Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Blue Vase' · J. chinensis L. var. chinensis · J. chinensis 'Columnaris' · J. chinensis 'Columnaris Glauca' · J. chinensis 'Compressa' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Daub' (Daub's Frosted Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Densa' · J. chinensis 'Densa Spartan' · J. chinensis L. 'Den Boer' · J. chinensis 'Dropmore' · J. chinensis 'Echiniformis' · J. chinensis L. 'Excelsior' · J. chinensis 'Expansa Aureospicata' · J. chinensis 'Expansa Variegata' · J. chinensis L. 'Fairview' · J. chinensis 'Fastigiata' · J. chinensis 'Femina' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Ferngold' · J. chinensis L. var. gaussenii (W.C.Cheng) Silba · J. chinensis globosa · J. chinensis 'Globosa Cinerea' · J. chinensis 'Golden Blaauw' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis L. 'Golden Sovereign' · J. chinensis 'Gold Coast' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Gold Lace' · J. chinensis 'Gold Star' · J. chinensis 'Gold Tip' · J. chinensis 'Hetzii' · J. chinensis 'Hetzii Columnaris' (Hetzs Green Columnar Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Hetzii Glauca' (Hetz Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis L. 'Hicksii' · J. chinensis holbert (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Hook's #6' (Hook's #6 Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Iowa' · J. chinensis L. 'Jacobiniana' · J. chinensis L. 'Japonica Aurea' · J. chinensis 'Japonica Aureovariegata' · J. chinensis 'Japonica Variegata' · J. chinensis 'Kaizuka' (Chinese Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Kaizuka Variegata' (Variegated Hollywood Juniper) · J. chinensis 'Keteleeri' · J. chinensis L. 'Keteleerii' · J. chinensis 'Kuriwao Gold' · J. chinensis 'Kuriwao Sunbeam'
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Farjon, A. et al. 1998. Data collection forms for conifer species completed by the IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group between 1996 and 1998.
- Farjon, A., Page, C.N. and Schellevis, N. 1993. A preliminary world list of threatened conifer taxa. Biodiversity and Conservation 2: 304-326.
- McVaugh, R. 1992. Flora Novo-Galiciana. University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
- Adams, R. P. 1969. Chemosystematic and Numerical Studies in Natural Populations of Juniperus. Ph.D. thesis. University of Texas.
- Adams, R. P. and T. A. Zanoni. 1979. The distribution, synonymy, and taxonomy of three junipers of the southwest United States and northern Mexico. SouthW. Naturalist 24: 323--330.
- Adams, R. P., E. von Rudloff, and L. Hogge. 1983. Chemosystematic studies of the western North American junipers based on their volatile oils. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 11: 85--89.
- Fassett, N. C. 1945. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis, and J. scopulorum. V. Taxonomic treatment. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 480--482.
- Hall, M. T. 1952. Variation and hybridization in Juniperus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 39: 1--64.
- Van Haverbeke, D. F. 1968. A population study of Juniperus in the Missouri River basin. Univ. Nebraska Stud., n. s. 38: 1--82.
- Vasek, F. C. 1966. The distribution and taxonomy of three western junipers. Brittonia 18: 350--372.
- Zanoni, T. A. 1978. The American junipers of the section Sabina (Juniperus, Cupressaceae)---A century later. Phytologia 38: 433--454.
- Zanoni, T. A. and R. P. Adams. 1979. The genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Mexico and Guatemala: Synonymy, key, and distributions of the taxa. Bol. Soc. Bot. México 38: 83--131.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Conifer Database 2006.
- Conifer Specialist Group 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7141057
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-2261
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14706046
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676830-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 132503-2
- IUCN ID: 31086
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 747555
Footnotes
- Robert P. Adams "Juniperus". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Conifer Specialist Group 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
