Description
Family Schisandraceae
Shrubs
, evergreen
or deciduous, scandent
or twining
, glabrous
. Leaves alternate, simple
, without stipules, petiolate
. Leaf blade
often fragrant (especially when bruised or crushed), translucent-dotted, ovate
to lanceolate, pinnately veined, thin to leathery, margins
entire
to remotely dentate
. Flowers unisexual
, staminate
and pistillate
on same [different] plants
, axillary
, solitary, pedunculate
; peduncle
bracteolate
; perianth hypogynous; tepals 5-20, imbricate, distinct
, in 2[-3] series, all similar but innermost more petaloid
. Staminate flowers
: stamens 4-80, hypogynous, distinct or connate
partially or completely into fleshy
, globose
or discoid
mass, in 1-several series; anthers
basifixed
, 4-locular, longitudinally dehiscent
; pollen 3- or 6-aperturate; pistil absent. Pistillate flowers: pistils simple, 6-300, distinct, closely set
in few to many series on globose to elongate
axis, attached obliquely; placentation marginal
to pendulous; ovules [1-]2-3[-10] per locule; stigmatic
surface adaxial
; stamens absent. Fruits aggregates of berries
, produced
on elongate axis. Seeds [1-]2-3[-10] per berry, flattened; endosperm copious
, oily; embryo small.
Genera 2, species 47: North America, chiefly e Asia.
The Chinese drug wu-wei-zi and its substitutes are obtained from species of Schisandra . The drug is considered a potential source of expectorants
, immune response boosters, and anti-ulcer compounds
. Several lignan compounds from species of the genus are used as a treatment for hepatitis and as central nervous-system depressants (S. Foster 1989) .
Schisandraceae were considered closely allied to Illiciaceae by A. C.
Smith (1947) . Embryologic studies (R. N. Kapil and S. Jalan 1964) were interpreted as showing that the former are considerably removed from the latter. In his monograph
, A. C. Smith also postulated a close relationship
between Schisandraceae and Magnoliaceae. J. Hutchinson (1973) stated that Schisandraceae were probably derived from Magnoliaceae. Studies of fossil pollen led J. W. Walker and A. G. Walker (1984) to conclude that Schisandraceae and Illiceaceae are closely allied with Winteraceae. Based on analysis of nucleotide
sequences from the plastid gene rbc L, however, M.
W. Chase et al.
(1993) and Qiu Y. L. et al. (1993) concluded that Schisandraceae and Illiciaceae are closely allied and closely related to Austrobaileyaceae but distant
from Winteraceae.Michael A. Vincent "Schisandraceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Biology
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
radiatopses
(
)
- kenrick & crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
)
- Novák ex Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Illiciales
(
)
- H.H. Hu ex Cronquist, 1981
- Family:
Schisandraceae
(
)
- Blume, 1830
- Star-vine Family
- Genus:
Kadsura
(
)
- A.L. Jussieu, 1810
- Specific epithet:
chinensis
- C.B.Clarke
- Botanical name: - Kadsura chinensis C.B.Clarke
- Specific epithet:
chinensis
- C.B.Clarke
- Genus:
Kadsura
(
- Family:
Schisandraceae
(
- Order:
Illiciales
(
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : C.B.Clarke Publication : Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. (1889) 4.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Kadsura
There are approximately 58 species in this genus:
K. acsmithii · K. acuminata · K. ananosma · K. angustifolia · K. apoensis · K. billitonensis · K. blancoi · K. borneensis · K. calophylla · K. cauliflora · K. cavaleriei · K. celebica · K. championii · K. chinensis · K. chinensis var. annamensis · K. clemensiae · K. coccinea · K. coccinea var. annamensis · K. coccinea var. sichuanensis · K. discigera · K. grandiflora · K. guangxiensis · K. hainanensis · K. heteroclita · K. induta · K. interior · K. japonica (Evergreen Magolia Vine) · K. japonica 'Chirifu' (Evergreen Magolia Vine) · K. japonica 'Chirimen' · K. japonica 'Fukurin' (Evergreen Magnolia Vine) · K. japonica 'Shiromi' · K. japonica 'Variegata' · K. japonica white fruit · K. lanceolata · K. longepedunculata · K. longipedunculata · K. macgregorii · K. marmorata · K. matsudai · K. oblongifolia · K. omeiensis · K. parvifolia · K. paucidenticulata · K. peltigera · K. philippinensis · K. polysperma · K. propinqua · K. pubescens · K. renchangiana · K. roxburghiana · K. sancens · K. scandens · K. sorsogonensis · K. sulphurea · K. ultima · K. verrucosa · K. wattii · K. wightiana
Bibliography
- Hutchinson, J. 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants, ed. 3. Oxford. Pp. 161-162.
- Smith, A. C. 1947. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Sargentia 7: 1-224.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15842262
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554570-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 554570-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 747882
