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Landolphia owariensis

(White Rubber Vine)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

White Rubber Vine, White Rubbervine, White-Ball Rubber

Description

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Family Apocynaceae

Trees , shrubs , or vines , rarely subshrubs or herbs, with latex or rarely watery juice. Leaves simple , opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, pinnately veined; stipules absent or rarely present. Inflorescences cymose , terminal or axillary , with bracteoles. Flowers bisexual , 5- [or 4]-merous, actinomorphic . Calyx 5- or rarely 4-partite, quincuncial, basal glands usually present. Corolla 5- or rarely 4-lobed, salverform , funnelform , urceolate , or rarely rotate, lobes overlapping to right or left, rarely valvate . Stamens 5 or rarely 4; filaments short; anthers mostly sagittate , free or connivent into a cone adherent to pistil head , dehiscing longitudinally, base rounded , cordate, sagittate, or prolonged into an empty spur; pollen granular ; disc ringlike or cup-shaped, 2-5-lobed, or absent. Ovaries superior, rarely half-inferior, connate or distinct , 1- or 2-locular; ovules (1 or) 2-numerous per locule. Style 1; pistil head capitate, conical , or lampshade-shaped, base stigmatic, apex 2-cleft and not stigmatic . Fruit a berry, drupe, capsule, or follicle. Seeds with or without coma; endosperm thick and often horny , scanty, sometimes absent; embryo straight or nearly so, cotyledons often large, radicle terete .

About 155 genera and 2000 species distributed primarily in the tropics and subtropics, poorly represented in the temperate regions . Of the 44 genera and 145 species present in China, one genus and 38 species are endemic, and nearly 95% of the taxa grow in the southern and southwestern portions of the country.

Fruit type is highly diversified in the family , and it is diagnostic of many genera. Genera 1-4 produce 1, 2-celled berries from a flower; genus 5 produces 2, 1-celled berries from a flower; 6 and 7 produce mostly fleshy follicles containing deeply indented seeds with ruminate endosperm; 8 has follicles and winged seeds; 9 produces follicles and seeds with 2 comas; 10-12 have follicles with globose seeds; 13-18 have drupes mostly with fleshy mesocarp; 19 has samaroid fruit; 20 has spiny capsules with seeds winged all around; and 21-44 have free or fused follicles and comose seeds. Double flowers are known only from cultivated forms of Nerium oleander, Tabernaemontana divaricata, and Wrightia religiosa.

Plants of the Apocynaceae are often poisonous and are rich in alkaloids or glycosides, especially in the seeds and latex. Some species are valuable sources of medicine, insecticides , fibers, and rubber.[1]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,676 meters (0 to 5,499 feet).[2]

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Landolphia droogmansiana De Wild.
  2. Landolphia stolzii Busse

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Fl. Oware 1:54, t. 62. 1804

Name verified on 28-Aug-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 28-Aug-2006

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Landolphia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 156 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

L. amoena · L. angustifolia · L. angustisepala · L. axillaris · L. boivinii · L. boliviensis · L. bracteata · L. breviloba · L. bruneelii · L. buchananii · L. caillei · L. calabarica · L. cameronis · L. camptoloba · L. capensis · L. chylorrhiza · L. claessensii · L. comorensis · L. compressa · L. congensis · L. congolana · L. congolensis · L. corticata · L. crassifolia · L. crassipes · L. cuneifolia · L. dawei · L. delagoensis · L. dewevrei · L. dondeensis · L. droogmansiana · L. dubardi · L. dubia · L. dubreucqiana · L. dulcis · L. echinata · L. elliptica · L. eminiana · L. exilis · L. femina · L. ferrea · L. ferruginea · L. fingimena · L. flavidiflora · L. florida · L. foreti · L. foretiana · L. fragrans · L. gallieni · L. gentilii · L. glaberrima · L. glabra · L. glandulosa · L. gossweileri · L. gummifera · L. guyanensis · L. henriquesiana · L. heudelotii (Landolphia Rubber) · L. heudelotti · L. heudolotii · L. hirsuta · L. hispidula · L. humilis · L. incerta · L. jumellei · L. kilimandjarica · L. kirkii (Kirk's Landolphia) · L. klainei · L. klainii · L. lanceolata · L. landolphioides · L. laurentii · L. lecomtei · L. lecontei · L. leiocalyx · L. leonensis · L. leptantha · L. letestui · L. ligustrifolia · L. lucida · L. macrantha · L. madagascariensis · L. mamavo · L. mamdrianambo · L. mamolava · L. mandrianambo · L. manii · L. mannii (Mann's Landolphia) · L. martreti · L. maxima · L. mayumbensis · L. membranacea · L. michelini · L. micrantha · L. miegeana · L. monteiroi · L. myrtifolia · L. myrtifolia var. microphylla · L. myrtifolia var. perrieri · L. nigerina

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 03, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Bingtao Li, Antony J. M. Leeuwenberg & David J. Middleton "Apocynaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 143. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Mean = 488.700 meters (1,603.346 feet), Standard Deviation = 359.620 based on 120 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009