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Lesquerella auriculata

(Ear-Leaf Bladder-Pod, Earleaf Bladderpod)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Ear-Leaf Bladder-Pod, Earleaf Bladderpod

Description

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Family Brassicaceae

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial , sometimes subshrubs or shrubs , with a pungent , watery juice. Eglandular trichomes unicellular, simple , stalked or sessile, 2- to many forked , stellate , dendritic , or malpighiaceous (medifixed , bifid, appressed ), rarely peltate and scalelike; glandular trichomes multicellular, with uniseriate or multiseriate stalk . Stems erect , ascending , or prostrate , sometimes absent. Leaves exstipulate , simple, entire or variously pinnately dissected , rarely trifoliolate or pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound ; basal leaf rosette present or absent; cauline leaves almost always alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , petiolate or sessile, sometimes absent. Inflorescence bracteate or ebracteate racemes , corymbs, or panicles, sometimes flowers solitary on long pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves . Flowers hypogynous, mostly actinomorphic . Sepals 4, in 2 decussate pairs, free or rarely united , not saccate or lateral (inner) pair saccate. Petals 4, alternate with sepals, arranged in the form of a cross (cruciform ; hence the earlier family name Cruciferae), rarely rudimentary or absent. Stamens 6, in 2 whorls, tetradynamous (lateral (outer) pair shorter than median (inner) 2 pairs), rarely equal or in 3 pairs of unequal length, sometimes stamens 2 or 4, very rarely 8-24; filaments slender, winged , or appendaged, median pairs free or rarely united; anthers dithecal , dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen grains 3-colpate, trinucleate . Nectar glands receptacular , highly diversified in number, shape , size, and disposition around base of filaments, always present opposite bases of lateral filaments, median glands present or absent. Pistil 2-carpelled; ovary superior, sessile or borne on a distinct gynophore , mostly 2-locular and with a false septum connecting 2 placentae; placentation parietal , rarely apical; ovules anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, 1 to many per locule. Fruit typically a 2-valved capsule, generally termed silique (siliqua) when length 3 × or more than width , or silicle (silicula) when length less than 3 × width, dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes schizocarpic, nutletlike, lomentaceous , or samaroid , segmented or not, terete , angled , or flattened parallel to septum (latiseptate ) or at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate) ; valves 2(or 3-6) ; replum (persistent placenta) rounded , rarely flattened or winged; septum complete, perforated, reduced to a rim , or lacking; style 1, distinct, obsolete , or absent; stigma capitate or conical , entire or 2-lobed, sometimes lobes decurrent and free or connate . Seeds without endosperm, uniseriately or biseriately arranged in each locule, aseriate when 1, winged or wingless, mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons incumbent (embryo notorrhizal: radicle lying along back of 1 cotyledon), accumbent (embryo pleurorrhizal: radicle applied to margins of both cotyledons), or conduplicate (embryo orthoplocal: cotyledons folded longitudinally around radicle), rarely spirally coiled (embryo spirolobal) . Germination epigeal.

About 330 genera and 3500 species: all continents except Antarctica, mainly in temperate areas, with highest diversity in Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean, and W North American regions; 102 genera (eight endemic) and 412 species (115 endemic) in China.

Because of lack of a comprehensive classification based on phylogenetic relationships among genera, and in order to facilitate direct comparison between the accounts in FOC and FRPS, the sequence of genera follows Schulz (Nat. Pflanzenfam. 17b: 227-658. 1936) . However, it should be emphasized that his system is largely artificial because he placed closely related genera in different tribes and remotely related genera in the same tribe. For example, Arabis, Aubrieta, Draba, and Macropodium, which are very closely related on the basis of recent molecular studies, were placed by Schulz in four different tribes, whereas the unrelated Capsella, Lepidium, and Thlaspi were placed in one tribe. The delimitation of genera is often difficult, and mature fruits are needed for reliable identification.

The Brassicaceae include many important crop plants that are grown as vegetables (Brassica, Nasturtium, Raphanus) and sources of vegetable oils (Brassica) and condiments (Armoracia, Brassica, Eutrema, Sinapis) . Oils of Brassica probably rank first in terms of tonnage of the world's production of edible oils. The family includes many ornamentals in the genera Erysimum, Iberis Linnaeus, Lobularia, Malcolmia, and Matthiola. Of these, only Lobularia maritima has become naturalized in China. The family also includes more than 120 species of weeds . Arabidopsis thaliana, which is naturalized in China, has become the model organism in many fields of experimental biology .

The delimitation of genera in the Brassicaceae is often difficult because of the frequent independent evolution of what appear to be similar character states , the variability of a given character in one genus and its fixture in another, and the inadequate sampling of material by most authors . Fruit characters are essential in the identification of genera. However, a key emphasizing flowering material is given in addition to the one emphasizing fruit. The most reliable determination of genera can be achieved when the material has both fruit and flowers and when both keys are successfully used to reach the same genus.

The types of cotyledonary position, which in reality is the position of the radicle in relation to the cotyledons (e.g. , radicle accumbent, incumbent, or conduplicate, though radicle referred to as "cotyledon" throughout) are important in the separation of many genera, and a cross section of the seed provides the easiest and simplest way of determining that position. The exact number of ovules per ovary can easily be determined from the fruit because aborted ovules persist through fruit dehiscence. However, it is more laborious to determine the ovule number from pistils and young fruit.Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev "Brassicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Lesquerella auriculata (Engelm. & Gray) S. Wats.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23:250. 1888

Name verified on 13-Jun-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 06-Jan-2003

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Lesquerella

There are approximately 171 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

L. alpina (Alkaline Bladderpod) · L. alpina subsp. alpina (Alpine Bladderpod) · L. alpina angustifolia · L. alpina condensata · L. alpina parvula · L. alpina var. alpina · L. alpina var. intermedia · L. alpina var. spathulata · L. alpina var. spathulata (Rydb.) Payson (Alpine Bladderpod) · L. alpina var. spatulata · L. angustifolia (Annual Bladderpod) · L. arctica (Arctic Bladderpod) · L. arctica calderi · L. arctica var. scammanae · L. arenosa (Great Plains Bladder-Pod) · L. arenosa (Richards.) Rydb. var. argillosa Rollins and Shaw (Great Plains Bladderpod) · L. arenosa var. arenosa (Great Plains Bladder-Pod) · L. arenosa var. argillosa · L. argentea · L. argentea subsp. lepidota · L. argyraea (Bladderpod) · L. argyraea subsp. diffusa · L. argyrea · L. arizonica (Arizona Bladderpod) · L. aurea (Golden Bladderpod) · L. auriculata (Ear-Leaf Bladder-Pod) · L. berlandieri · L. calcicola (Rocky Mountain Bladderpod) · L. calderi (Calder's Bladder-Pod) · L. carinata (Idaho Bladderpod) · L. carinata Rollins var. carinata Rollins (Idaho Bladderpod) · L. carinata Rollins var. languida Rollins (Idaho Bladderpod) · L. carinata var. carinata · L. carinata var. languida · L. cinerea (Basin Bladder-Pod) · L. condensata (Dense Bladderpod) · L. condensata var. laevis · L. congesta (Dudley Bluffs Bladderpod) · L. cordiformis (Wassuck Range Bladderpod) · L. densiflora (Dense-Flower Bladder-Pod) · L. densipila (Duck River Bladderpod) · L. didymocarpa · L. diffusa · L. douglasii (Douglas Bladderpod) · L. dusenii · L. engelmannii (Engelmann Bladderpod) · L. engelmannii alba · L. engelmannii ovalifolia · L. fendleri (Fendler Bladderpod) · L. filiformis (Limestoneglade Bladderpod) · L. flexuosa · L. fremontii (Fremont Bladderpod) · L. garrettii (Garrett Bladderpod) · L. globosa (Globe Bladderpod) · L. gooddingii (Goodding Bladderpod) · L. goodingii · L. goodrichii (Tunnel Springs Bladderpod) · L. gordoni · L. gordonii (Gordon Bladderpod) · L. gordonii (Gray) S.Watson var. densifolia Rollins (Gordon's Bladderpod) · L. gordonii (Gray) S.Watson var. gordonii (Gray) S.Watson · L. gordonii var. densifolia · L. gordonii var. gordonii · L. gracilis (Lax Bladderpod) · L. gracilis gracilis (Spreading Bladderpod) · L. gracilis nuttallii (Nuttall's Bladderpod) · L. gracilis subsp. nuttallii · L. gracilis var. sessilis · L. grandiflora (Big-Flower Bladder-Pod) · L. hemiphysaria (Intermountain Bladderpod) · L. hemiphysaria Maguire var. hemiphysaria Maguire (Intermountain Bladderpod) · L. hemiphysaria Maguire var. lucens Welsh & Reveal (Intermountain Bladderpod) · L. hemiphysaria var. hemiphysaria · L. hemiphysaria var. lucens · L. hitchcockii (Hitchcock's Bladderpod) · L. hitchcockii subsp. confluens · L. hitchcockii subsp. tumulosa · L. hitchcockii subsp. tumulosa · L. humilis (Few-Seeded Bladderpod) · L. inflata · L. intermedia (Mid Bladderpod) · L. johnstonii · L. kaibabensis (Kaibab Bladder-Pod) · L. kingii (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii bernardina (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii diversifolia (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii kingii (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii kingii var. Cobrensis · L. kingii latifolia (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii S.Watson var. cobrensis Rollins & Shaw (King Bladderpod) · L. kingii sherwoodii · L. kingii subsp. bernardina · L. kingii subsp. diversifolia · L. kingii subsp. latifolia · L. kingii var. cobrensis · L. kingii var. kingii · L. kingii var. parvifolia · L. klausii (Klaus' Bladderpod) · L. lasiocarpa (Rough-Pod Bladder-Pod) · L. lasiocarpa berlandieri berlandieri (Roughpod Bladderpod)

Bibliography

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More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

Last Revised: 2008-10-22