Lycium sandwicense

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

Description

Family Solanaceae

Herbs, shrubs , small trees , or climbers . Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple , branched, or stellate , sometimes glandular . Leaves alternate, solitary or paired , simple or pinnately compound , without stipules; leaf blade entire , dentate , lobed , or divided . Inflorescences terminal , overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary , extra-axillary , or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate , racemose, paniculate , clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate . Flowers mostly bisexual , usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united . Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores . Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile ; ovules usually numerous . Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent . Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved .

About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions ; 20 genera (ten introduced ) and 101 species in China.

Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Lycium

Shrubs , often armed with thorns , pubescent with simple hairs . Leaves usually fasciculate on short shoots , petiolate or subsessile ; leaf blade small, plane or linear-cylindric, entire . Inflorescences solitary or fasciculate axillary flowers; peduncle absent. Flowers pedicellate . Calyx campanulate , 2- or 5-dentate or -lobed. Corolla funnelform or campanulate; tube short, limb usually (4- or) 5-lobed, enlarged at throat . Stamens inserted high in corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers oblong-elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular; ovules 1 to many. Style slender. Berry red, orange, yellow, or black, globose , ovoid , or oblong , fleshy or juicy; fruiting calyx slightly enlarged. Seeds numerous or few, compressed , pitted .

About 80 species: South America, S Africa, a few in temperate Europe and Asia; seven species in China."Lycium". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,028 meters (0 to 13,215 feet).Mean = 92.900 meters (304.790 feet), Standard Deviation = 258.110 based on 1,229 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Lycium carolinianum sandwicense (Gray) C. L. Hitchc.
2. Lycium carolinianum var. sandwicense (Gray) C.L. Hitchc.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Lycium

There are approximately 534 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

L. abeliaeflorum · L. acanthocladium · L. aciculare · L. acnistoides · L. acutifolium · L. afrum · L. aggregatum · L. albiflorum · L. ameghinoi · L. americanum var. chrysocarpum · L. amoenum · L. anatolicum · L. andersonii (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii f. deserticola (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii f. deserticolum · L. andersonii var. andersonii · L. andersonii var. andersonii Gray (Anderson Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. deserticola · L. andersonii var. deserticola (C.L.Hitchc.) C.L.Hitchc. ex Munz (Desert Anderson Wolfberry) · L. andersonii var. pubescens · L. andersonii var. wrightii (Anderson Boxthorn) · L. andersonii var. wrightii Gray (Water Jacket) · L. angustifolium · L. apiculatum · L. arabicum · L. arborescens · L. arenicola · L. arenicolum · L. argentino-cestroides · L. argentino-elongatum · L. argentinum · L. argentinum var. umbrosum · L. armatum · L. arochae · L. aschersonii · L. athium · L. australe · L. austrinum · L. bachmannii · L. Barbarium 'Nativehart' · L. barbarum (Common Matrimony Vine) · L. barbarum var. auranticarpum · L. barbatum · L. barbinodum · L. berberidoides · L. berberioides var. berberioides · L. berlandieri (Berlandier Wolf-Berry) · L. berlandieri Dunal var. berlandieri Dunal · L. berlandieri Dunal var. longistylum C.L.Hitchc. (Berlandier Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri Dunal var. parviflorum (Gray) Terracc. (Berlandier's Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri f. parviflorum · L. berlandieri subvar. brachyanthum · L. berlandieri subvar. pubescens · L. berlandieri subvar. richii · L. berlandieri subvar. wrightii · L. berlandieri var. andersonii · L. berlandieri var. barbinodum · L. berlandieri var. berlandieri · L. berlandieri var. brevipes · L. berlandieri var. longiflorum · L. berlandieri var. longistylum · L. berlandieri var. miersii · L. berlandieri var. palmeri · L. berlandieri var. parviflorum (Berlandiers Wolfberry) · L. berlandieri var. peninsulare · L. berlandieri var. schaffneri · L. biesei · L. boerhaviaefolium · L. bosciifolium · L. brachanthum · L. brachyanthum · L. breanum · L. brevipes var. Brevipes (Desert-Thorn) · L. brevistylum · L. caespitosum · L. californicum (California Desert-Thorn) · L. californicum subsp. carinatum · L. californicum var. arizonicum · L. californicum var. interior · L. calpiche · L. campanulatum · L. canescens · L. canum · L. capense · L. capillare · L. capsulare · L. carinatum · L. carnosum · L. carolinianum (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum f. hassei · L. carolinianum f. jacquiniana · L. carolinianum var. arizonicum · L. carolinianum var. californicum · L. carolinianum var. carolinianum · L. carolinianum var. carolinianum Walt. (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. carolinianum var. cedrocense · L. carolinianum var. gaumeri · L. carolinianum var. quadrifidum · L. carolinianum var. quadrifidum (Dunal) C.L.Hitchc. (Carolina Desert-Thorn) · L. caroliniaum var. arizonicum

Bibliography

• Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1-175.
• Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1-175.

More Info

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• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Notes

Contributors

• African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD.
• Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC & Grimes JW (Monograph 1996/97), 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Behnke Nurseries, Potomac MD USA
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
• Carr, Gerald
• Chappill J, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Computer Aided Identification of Phlebotomine sandflies of AmericasJan 2, 1997.
• Cristofolini G, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Fantz PR, 1999 (from ILDIS).
• Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
• Fortunato RH, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC and Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• Hopkins HF, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• Kirk P.M., 14-Sep-2005 (from Species Fungorum, Sep 2006).
• LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
• Marlin, Bruce. CirrusImage.com.
• Merrifield Garden Center, Fairfax VA USA
• Newell CA, 1997 (from ILDIS).
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
• Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
• Ohashi H & Tateishi Y, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
• Orthoptera Species File Online, 2.5, 2006.
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• Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Phyllachorales 2006.
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
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• Ross JH, 2001-01 (from ILDIS).
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• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• UConn Plant Database of Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Accessed May 19, 2006.
• USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Plant Characteristics Database. Accessed April 17, 2006.
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
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• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8296271
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30551
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746401
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:816615-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30551
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 816615-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSOL0G0H0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: LYCAS2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 48605

Footnotes

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