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Lyonia maestrensis

Overview

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Endangered
Threat status

Description

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Family Ericaceae

Plants usually woody, or herbs, sometimes lacking chlorophyll. Leaves spiral , sometimes decussate, margin often toothed . Inflorescence racemose; bracteoles paired , basal. Flowers (4 or) 5-merous. Calyx imbricate. Corolla connate , imbricate. Stamens 10, sometimes with spurs or awns , dehiscing by pores , pollen in tetrads , rarely single. Ovary superior or inferior, placentation axile , rarely parietal , often many ovules per locule. Style ± as long as corolla, slender. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe; calyx persistent.

About 125 genera and 4000 species: widely distributed in temperate and subarctic regions, also at high elevations in tropical regions ; 22 genera and 826 species (524 endemic) in China.

The Monotropoideae are here included in the Ericaceae; previously in FRPS (56: 157 216. 1990), they were treated as the Pyrolaceae. Chiogenes, recorded from China in FRPS (57(3) : 69 71. 1991), is here included in Gaultheria. Over the last half century, the Empetraceae have usually been separated from, but closely associated with, the Ericaceae. In their ecology, leaf morphology and insertion , rusts, embryology, stamen anatomy, etc. , they largely agree with that family . Molecular data place Empetrum and its relatives firmly within the Ericaceae, and in particular within the subfamily Ericoideae, in agreement with phytochemical and palynological data, and there they are best recognized as a separate tribe . There are distinctive features of the Empetreae that were responsible for their past familial status, e.g. , reduced perianth with separate members , low ovule number, enlarged stigmas, etc. However, these are likely to be derived features associated with wind pollination. See Kron et al. (Bot. Rev. 68: 335 423. 2002) and the recent treatment of the Ericaceae by Stevens et al. (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 6: 145 194. 2004) .

Several genera and many species are ornamentals . Some fruits of Vaccinium in N China are sweet and edible, but of no particular value to humans. Some species of Chamaedaphne, Craibiodendron, Leucothoë, Lyonia, Pieris, and Rhododendron contain more or less toxic diterpenes, which are harmful to humans or domestic animals.[1]

Genus Lyonia

Shrubs or trees , deciduous or evergreen , often from underground woody burl or producing thickened horizontal underground rhizomes. Buds flattened, conical or ovoid , usually with 2 large imbricate glabrous scales . Leaves spirally arranged , petiolate ; leaf blade entire [toothed in United States]. Inflorescences axillary , racemose. Flowers [4- or]5[ 8]-merous. Calyx with variously estivated lobes , usually valvate in bud. Corolla white [to red], tubular or urceolate ; lobes short. Filaments flattened, geniculate , with or without 1 pair of spurs at anther-filament junction; anthers dehiscing by introrse-terminal elliptic pores . Ovary superior, with many ovules per locule; stigma truncate . Capsule loculicidal, with pale ± thickened sutures sometimes separating from valves in dehiscence. Seeds oblong-ovoid or spindle-shaped to shortly linear , minute, ends often truncated.

Thirty-five species: E Asia, North America; five species (two endemic) in China.[2]

Habitat

Ecology: A rare shrub or small tree found in cloud forest on the highest peaks.[3]

Taxonomy

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Similar Species

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Members of the genus Lyonia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 106 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

L. acutifolia · L. affinis · L. alainii · L. alpina · L. angulata · L. annamensis · L. arborea · L. axillaris · L. brachytricha · L. bracteata · L. brittonii · L. buchii · L. calycosa · L. calyculata · L. calyculata var. crispa · L. catesbaei · L. chapaensis · L. compta · L. costata · L. danica · L. densiflora · L. dictyoneura · L. doyonensis · L. eggersii · L. ekmanii · L. elata · L. elliptica · L. ferruginea (Rusty Staggerbush) · L. ferruginea var. arborescens · L. foliosa · L. formosa · L. frondosa · L. fruticosa (Coastal-Plain Stagger-Bush) · L. furcyensis · L. glandulosa · L. glandulosa revolutifolia · L. glandulosa var. toaensis · L. haitiensis · L. heptamera · L. jamaicensis · L. latifolia · L. latifolia var. calycosa · L. leonis · L. libanensis · L. ligustrina (Seedy Buckberry) · L. ligustrina f. nanella · L. ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosiflora (Michx.) Fern. · L. ligustrina salicifolia · L. ligustrina var. foliosiflora (Maleberry) · L. ligustrina var. ligustrina (Seedy Buckberry) · L. ligustrina var. pubescens · L. longipes · L. lucida (Fetterbush Lyonia) · L. macrocalyx · L. macrophylla · L. maestrensis · L. marginata · L. mariana (Piedmont Staggerbush) · L. maritima · L. microcarpa · L. montecristina · L. multiflora · L. myrtilloides · L. myrtilloides parvifolia · L. neziki · L. nezikii · L. nipensis · L. nipensis depressinerva · L. nitida · L. oblongata · L. obtusa · L. obtusa var. longipes · L. octandra · L. ovalifolia · L. ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude var. elliptica (Siebold & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. · L. ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude var. lanceolata (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. · L. ovalifolia var. elliptica · L. ovalifolia var. hebecarpa · L. ovalifolia var. rubrovenia · L. palustris · L. paniculata · L. papayoensis · L. parabolica · L. plumeri · L. polita · L. racemosa · L. rigida · L. rubiginosa (St. Thomas Staggerbush) · L. rubiginosa (Pers.) G.Don var. rubiginosa (Pers.) G.Don · L. rubiginosa (Pers.) G.Don var. stahlii (Urb.) Judd (Stahl's Staggerbush) · L. rubiginosa var. costata · L. rubiginosa var. rubiginosa (St. Thomas Staggerbush) · L. rubiginosa var. stahlii (Stahl's Staggerbush) · L. rubrovenia · L. salicifolia · L. squamulosa · L. stahlii · L. tinensis · L. trinidadensis · L. truncata (Dominican Staggerbush)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Mingyuan Fang, Ruizheng Fang, Mingyou He, Linzheng Hu, Hanbi Yang, Haining Qin, Tianlu Min, David F. Chamberlain, Peter Stevens, Gary D. Wallace & Arne Anderberg "Ericaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 242. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Mingyuan Fang, Ruizheng Fang, Mingyou He, Linzheng Hu, Hanbi Yang, Haining Qin, Tianlu Min, David F. Chamberlain, Peter Stevens, Gary D. Wallace & Arne Anderberg "Lyonia". in Flora of China Vol Page. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
Last Revised: 7/3/2009