Macadamia integrifolia

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Cladrastis amurensis Benth.
2. Cladrastis amurenzis (Rupr. & Maxim.)Benth.
3. Maackia amurensis var. typica R.C.Schneid.

Notes:

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 21:624. 1897

Name verified on 12-Dec-2001 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 24-Sep-2002

Physical Description

Family Proteaceae:

Trees or shrubs. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple or variously divided. Inflorescences axillary, ramiflorous, cauliflorous, or terminal, simple or rarely compound, with flowers borne laterally either in pairs or sometimes singly, racemose, sometimes spicate, paniculate, or condensed into a head; bracts subtending flower pairs usually small, sometimes accrescent and woody; floral bracts usually minute or absent. Flowers bisexual or rarely unisexual and dioecious, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Perianth segments (3 or) 4(or 5), valvate, usually tubular in bud; limb short, variously split at anthesis. Stamens 4, opposite perianth segments; filaments usually adnate to perianth and not distinct; anthers basifixed, usually 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, connective often prolonged. Hypogynous glands 4 (or 1-3 or absent), free or variously connate. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, sessile or stipitate; ovules 1 or 2(or more), pendulous, laterally or basally, rarely subapically attached. Style terminal, simple, often apically clavate; stigma terminal or lateral, mostly small. Fruit a follicle, achene, or drupe or drupaceous. Seeds 1 or 2(or few to many), sometimes winged; endosperm absent (or vestigial) ; embryo usually straight; cotyledons thin or thick and fleshy; radicle short, inferior.

About 80 genera and ca. 1700 species: mostly in tropics and subtropics, especially in S Africa and Australia: three genera (one introduced) and 25 species (12 endemic, two introduced) in China.

The family is subdivided into Bellendenoideae, Caranarvonioideae, Eidotheoideae, Grevilleoideae, Persoonioideae, Proteoideae, and Sphalmioideae; all Chinese genera belong to Grevilleoideae. Grevillea robusta is grown extensively as a street tree in S China, especially in Yunnan.^[1]

Genus Macadamia:

Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves whorled, margin entire or spiny serrate. Inflorescences axillary or sometimes terminal, a raceme or rarely a panicle of flower pairs; bracts of flower pairs early caducous; floral bracts absent. Flower bisexual. Pedicels free. Perianth tube slightly curved; limb segments clavate, free, recurved at anthesis. Stamens inserted slightly below limb; anthers oblong; connective produced into an appendage. Hypogynous glands connate into a cup or ring. Ovary sessile; ovules 2, orthotropous. Style straight or bent, apex clavate; stigma terminal, small. Fruit tardily dehiscent; pericarp thick, hard, leathery. Seed 1 and globose or rarely 2 and hemispheric; cotyledons fleshy.

About nine species: Australia and Indonesia (Sulawesi) ; two species (introduced) in China.^[2]

Habit: Tree

Flowers: Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: near white, white

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: .

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-20' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Macadamia:

There are approximately 28 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: M. alterniflora · M. alticola · M. angustifolia · M. claudiensis · M. erecta · M. francii · M. grandis · M. heyana · M. hildebrandii · M. hybrid · M. integrifolia (Macadamia Nut) · M. integrifolia var. Kampong · M. jansenii · M. leptophylla · M. lowii · M. minor · M. neurophylla · M. praealta · M. rousselii · M. ternifolia var. integrifolia · M. ternifolia var. ternifolia · M. ternifolia var. typica · M. tetraphylla (Macadamia Nut) · M. verticillata · M. vieillardii · M. whelani · M. whelanii · M. youngiana

Members of the genus Eriocaulon:

There are approximately 900 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: E. abyssinicum · E. achiton · E. aciphyllum · E. acutibracteatum · E. acutifolium · E. adamesii · E. aequinoctiale · E. aethiopicum · E. affine · E. africanum · E. afzelianum · E. alaeum · E. alatum · E. albidocapitatum · E. albidum · E. albocapitatum · E. alleizettei · E. aloifolium · E. alpestre · E. alpestre Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Koern. var. ampullarium van Royen · E. alpestre Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Koern. var. perpusillum Nakai · E. alpestre Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Koern. var. robustius Maxim. · E. alpestre var. sichuanense · E. alpinum · E. alpinum van · E. alsinoides · E. altogibbosum · E. amanoanum · E. amboense · E. amoenum · E. amphibium · E. amplexicaule · E. andongense · E. angustibracteum · E. angustifolium · E. angustisepalum · E. angustulum · E. annuum · E. ansarii · E. anshiense · E. antunesii · E. apiculatum · E. aquaticum (Seven-Angle Pipewort) · E. aquatile · E. aquatile f. vivaparum · E. aquatile f. viviparum · E. aquatile Koern. forma viviparum Moldenke · E. aquatile Koern. var. latifolium Moldenke · E. aquatile var. latifolium · E. arechavaletae · E. arenarium · E. arenicola · E. arfacense · E. arfacense van · E. arfakense · E. arfakensis · E. argenteum · E. argentinum · E. argyraeum · E. aristatum · E. articulatum · E. arupense · E. arupense van · E. arupensis · E. asteroides · E. atabapaense · E. atabapense · E. athertonense · E. atratum · E. atratum Koern. var. major Thwait. · E. atratum var. major · E. atroides · E. atrum · E. atrum Nakai var. intermedium Nakai ex Satake · E. atrum Nakai var. platypetalum Satake · E. australasicum · E. australe · E. australe forma atrichum · E. australe R.Br. forma proliferum Moldenke · E. balakrishnanii · E. bamendae · E. banani · E. barba-caprae · E. barbeyanum · E. bartholithica · E. bassacense · E. batavorum · E. batavorum van · E. batholiticola · E. batholiticola van · E. bauri · E. baurii · E. beauverdi · E. beauverdii · E. beccari · E. beccarii · E. benthami · E. benthamii (Bentham's Pipewort) · E. bicolor · E. bifidum

Bibliography

• Duke, J. A. 1989. Handbook of Nuts. CRC Press. (Handb Nuts)
• Fosberg, F. R. et al. 1979–1982. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. (L Micrones)
• Francis, W. D. & G. M. Chippendale. 1970. Australian rain-forest trees. (Trees AustRF)
• George, A. S., ed. 1980–. Flora of Australia, new ed. (F Aust)
• Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops. (Edible HC)
• Judd, Campbell, Kellog & Donoghue: Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach
• Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. & Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
• Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption. (L Edible Pl)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• Rosengarten, F. 1984. The book of edible nuts. (Edible Nuts)
• Stanley, T. D. & E. M. Ross. 1983–1989. Flora of south-eastern Queensland. (F SE Queensl)
• Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. 1948–. Flora malesiana. (F Males) [= M. ternifolia F. Muell.].
• Storey. 1965. Pacific Sci. 19:507–514.
• Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 2:195.
• Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition). (F ChinaEng)

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 31, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 29, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 503635
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13760823
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:705192-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: MATE8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 48719

Footnotes:

1. Huaxing Qiu & Peter H. Weston "Proteaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 192. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Macadamia". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 199. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.