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Magnolia ashei

(Ashe´s Magnolia)

Overview

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Threatened
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Ashe Magnolia, Ashe´s Magnolia, Ashe's Magnolia, Ashes Magnolia

Description

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Family Magnoliaceae

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen , aromatic . Pith homogeneous or diaphragmed . Leaves alternate, simple , petiolate ; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in Magnolia grandiflora ), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node. Leaf blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron ), margins entire. Inflorescences terminal , solitary flowers (often paired in Magnolia ashei ), pedunculate ; spathaceous bracts 2 (Magnolia ) or 1 (Liriodendron ) . Flowers: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid , inner tepals petaloid ; stamens numerous , hypogynous, free, spirally arranged ; filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers ; anthers introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , longitudinally dehiscent ; connective with distal appendage ; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal , placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia ) or large and winglike (Liriodendron ) ; stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia ) or recurved (Liriodendron ) . Fruits conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent , woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia ) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron ) . Seeds 1-2 per pistil, arillate , endosperm oily (Magnolia ), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp ( Liriodendron ) .

Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora ) : mostly in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Western Hemisphere.

Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.

Herbarium material of Magnolia is usually incomplete and inadequate for critical study. Collections should include material of the stipules, spathaceous bracts, a full complement of stamens, and all of the perianth segments to facilitate identification of Magnolia species.[1]

Genus Magnolia

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen . Pith homogeneous or diaphragmed . Leaves distinctly alternate or sometimes crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters ; stipules early deciduous, free or adnate to and proximal on petiole . Leaf blade : base deeply cordate or auriculate or cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded , margins entire, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white or green to glaucous, pubescent or glabrous . Flowers protogynous, appearing with or before leaves; tepals 9-15, petaloid , usually spreading , creamy white, rarely greenish, yellow, or orange-yellow, outermost tepals sepaloid , sometimes strongly reflexed , greenish; stamens on elongate torus, early deciduous; filaments white or purple, very short; anthers introrse or latrorse . Follicles persistent , coalescent , forming conelike aggregate, abaxially dehiscent. Seeds with red, pink, or orange oily aril, extruded from follicles and suspended by funiculi. x =19.

Species ca. 120: temperate and tropical regions , Western Hemisphere, Asia (Himalayas, China, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Indonesia) .[2]

Physical Description

Species Magnolia ashei

Trees , deciduous, often multitrunked, to 10(-12) m. Bark dark gray, smooth . Pith homogeneous . Twigs and foliar buds silky-pubescent. Leaves crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters ; stipules 6-8 × 3-4 cm, abaxially pilose , glandular . Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, (17-) 25-46(-56) × (10-) 15-30(-40) cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate , apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white or pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially deep green, glabrous . Flowers solitary or often in pairs on adjacent twigs, fragrant, 15-38(-50) cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially rusty gray, inner bract glabrous; tepals creamy white, glandular, innermost whorl purple-blotched at base, outermost segments strongly reflexed , greenish; stamens 170-350, 13-20 mm; filaments white; pistils 20-50. Follicetums cylindric to nearly ovoid , 2.5-6.5 × 1.5-4 cm; follicles short-beaked, distally appressed silky-pubescent. Seeds lenticular to somewhat globose , 8-10 mm, aril orange-red. 2 n =38. [source]

Magnolia ashei, the rarest species of Magnolia in the flora , is limited to six counties in the Florida panhandle; it is in danger of extirpation because of habitat disturbance . Magnolia ashei differs from M. macrophylla in being a smaller, often multitrunked tree with smaller leaves, fewer stamens and pistils, smaller seeds, smaller stipules, filiform trichomes , and smaller, nearly glabrous, cylindric follicetums. The flowers are often borne in pairs. Magnolia ashei flowers at an early age (three to four years from seed) ; it is a desirable small tree in cultivation. [source]

Habit: Tree , Shrub

Flowers: Bloom Period: February, March, April. • Flower Color: near white, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 10-12' tall.

Habitat

Woodlands, ravines , and bluffs ; coastal plain ; of conservation concern; 0-50m[3].

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 8-10' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. M. macrophylla var. ashei (Weatherby) D. L. Johnson
  2. Magnolia macrophylla ashei (Weath.) Spongberg
  3. Magnolia macrophylla Michaux subsp. ashei (Weatherby) Spongberg
  4. Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei (Weath.) D. L. Johnson
  5. Magnolia macrophylla Weath. var. ashei (Weath.) D. L. Johnson

Notes

Publishing author : D.L.Johnson. Publication : Baileya 23: 55 1989 Basionym author: (Weath.) Publishing author: Weath. Publication: Rhodora 28: 35 1926

Place of publication: Rhodora 28:35. 1926

Name verified on 04-Feb-1998 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Apr-2007

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Magnolia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1113 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. acuminata (Cucumbertree Magnolia) · M. acuminata 'Butterflies' (Butterflies Magnolia) · M. acuminata cordata · M. acuminata 'Ellen' · M. acuminata 'Golden Glow' · M. acuminata 'Gold Crown' · M. acuminata 'Gold Star' · M. acuminata 'Kinju' · M. acuminata 'Koban Dori' (Cucumber Magnolia) · M. acuminata large yellow · M. acuminata 'Miss Honeybee' · M. acuminata ozarkensis · M. acuminata (L.) L. var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy (Yellow Cucumbertree) · M. acuminata subcordata 'Golden Gift' · M. acuminata 'Sunray' · M. acuminata 'Ultimate Yellow' · M. acuminata var. acuminata · M. acuminata var. candolii · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Ellen' · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Miss Honeybee' · M. acuminata (L.) L. 'Variegata' · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Skyland's Best' · M. acuminata × kobus 'Norman Gould' · M. acuminata (L.) L. 'Yellow Bird' (Yellow Bird Cucumbertree Magnolia) · M. 'Advance' · M. alba · M. 'Albatross' · M. albosericea · M. 'Alixeed' · M. allenii · M. alternans · M. amabilis · M. amazonica · M. 'Ambrosia' · M. amoena · M. amoena 'Multiogeca' · M. amplifolia · M. 'Andre Harvey' · M. angustioblonga · M. 'Anilou' · M. annamensis · M. 'Anne Rosse' · M. 'Ann' (Ann Magnolia) · M. anonaefolia · M. 'Anticipation' (Anticipation Magnolia) · M. 'Apollo' · M. arcabucoana · M. argyrothricha · M. argyrotricha · M. aromatica · M. ashei (Ashe´s Magnolia) · M. ashtonii · M. 'Asian Artistry' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. 'Athene' (Magnolia) · M. 'Atlas' · M. baillonii · M. balansae · M. 'Banana Split' · M. banghamii · M. 'Betty' (Betty Magnolia) · M. 'Betty Jessel' · M. 'Big Dude' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. bintuluensis · M. biondii (Chinese Willow-Leaf Magnolia) · M. biondii f. purpurascens · M. biondii var. axilliflora · M. biondii var. multialabastra · M. biondii var. purpura · M. 'Black Beauty' · M. 'Black Tulip' · M. blaoensis · M. blumei · M. blumei var. blumei · M. blumei var. sumatrana · M. 'Blushing Belle' · M. boliviana · M. borneensis · M. braianensis · M. brooklynensis · M. brozzonii · M. burseracea · M. 'Butterflies' · M. cacuminicola bissei · M. cacuminoides · M. 'Caerhays Belle' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. 'Caerhays New Purple' · M. 'Caerhays Surprise' · M. californica · M. calimaensis · M. calophylla · M. calophylloides · M. campbelli · M. campbellii (Pink Tulip Tree) · M. campbellii Alba Group · M. campbellii 'Ambrose Congreve' · M. campbellii 'Ann Jenkins' · M. campbellii 'Betty Jessel' · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii forma alba Hort. · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii 'Darjeeling' · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii 'Ethel Hillier'

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 06, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Frederick G. Meyer "Magnoliaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Christopher H. Haufler, Michael D. Windham, Frank A. Lang, S. A. Whitmore "Magnolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Magnolia ashei". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009