Magnolia nitida var. nitida

• Overview
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Description

Family Magnoliaceae

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen , aromatic . Pith homogeneous or diaphragmed . Leaves alternate, simple , petiolate ; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in Magnolia grandiflora ), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node. Leaf blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron ), margins entire . Inflorescences terminal , solitary flowers (often paired in Magnolia ashei ), pedunculate ; spathaceous bracts 2 (Magnolia ) or 1 (Liriodendron ) . Flowers: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid , inner tepals petaloid ; stamens numerous , hypogynous, free, spirally arranged ; filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers ; anthers introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , longitudinally dehiscent ; connective with distal appendage ; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal , placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia ) or large and winglike (Liriodendron ) ; stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia ) or recurved (Liriodendron ) . Fruits conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent , woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia ) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron ) . Seeds 1-2 per pistil, arillate , endosperm oily (Magnolia ), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp ( Liriodendron ) .

Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora ) : mostly in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Western Hemisphere.

Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.

Herbarium material of Magnolia is usually incomplete and inadequate for critical study. Collections should include material of the stipules, spathaceous bracts, a full complement of stamens, and all of the perianth segments to facilitate identification of Magnolia species.[1]

Genus Magnolia

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or evergreen . Pith homogeneous or diaphragmed . Leaves distinctly alternate or sometimes crowded in terminal whorl-like clusters ; stipules early deciduous, free or adnate to and proximal on petiole . Leaf blade : base deeply cordate or auriculate or cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded , margins entire , apex obtuse or acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white or green to glaucous, pubescent or glabrous . Flowers protogynous, appearing with or before leaves; tepals 9-15, petaloid , usually spreading , creamy white, rarely greenish, yellow, or orange-yellow, outermost tepals sepaloid , sometimes strongly reflexed , greenish; stamens on elongate torus, early deciduous; filaments white or purple, very short; anthers introrse or latrorse . Follicles persistent , coalescent , forming conelike aggregate, abaxially dehiscent. Seeds with red, pink, or orange oily aril, extruded from follicles and suspended by funiculi. x =19.

Species ca. 120: temperate and tropical regions , Western Hemisphere, Asia (Himalayas, China, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Indonesia) .[2]

Habitat

Ecology: The taxon occurs in montane broadleaved evergreen forest between 1,400 and 1,500 m. [3]

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot.
2. Parakmeria nitida (W. W. Sm.) Y. W. Law
3. Parakmeria yunnanensis Hu

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Magnolia

There are approximately 1113 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

M. acuminata (Cucumbertree Magnolia) · M. acuminata 'Butterflies' (Butterflies Magnolia) · M. acuminata cordata · M. acuminata 'Ellen' · M. acuminata 'Golden Glow' · M. acuminata 'Gold Crown' · M. acuminata 'Gold Star' · M. acuminata 'Kinju' · M. acuminata 'Koban Dori' (Cucumber Magnolia) · M. acuminata large yellow · M. acuminata 'Miss Honeybee' · M. acuminata ozarkensis · M. acuminata (L.) L. var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy (Yellow Cucumbertree) · M. acuminata subcordata 'Golden Gift' · M. acuminata 'Sunray' · M. acuminata 'Ultimate Yellow' · M. acuminata var. acuminata · M. acuminata var. candolii · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Ellen' · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Miss Honeybee' · M. acuminata (L.) L. 'Variegata' · M. acuminata var. subcordata 'Skyland's Best' · M. acuminata × kobus 'Norman Gould' · M. acuminata (L.) L. 'Yellow Bird' (Yellow Bird Cucumbertree Magnolia) · M. 'Advance' · M. alba · M. 'Albatross' · M. albosericea · M. 'Alixeed' · M. allenii · M. alternans · M. amabilis · M. amazonica · M. 'Ambrosia' · M. amoena · M. amoena 'Multiogeca' · M. amplifolia · M. 'Andre Harvey' · M. angustioblonga · M. 'Anilou' · M. annamensis · M. 'Anne Rosse' · M. 'Ann' (Ann Magnolia) · M. anonaefolia · M. 'Anticipation' (Anticipation Magnolia) · M. 'Apollo' · M. arcabucoana · M. argyrothricha · M. argyrotricha · M. aromatica · M. ashei (Ashe´s Magnolia) · M. ashtonii · M. 'Asian Artistry' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. 'Athene' (Magnolia) · M. 'Atlas' · M. baillonii · M. balansae · M. 'Banana Split' · M. banghamii · M. 'Betty' (Betty Magnolia) · M. 'Betty Jessel' · M. 'Big Dude' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. bintuluensis · M. biondii (Chinese Willow-Leaf Magnolia) · M. biondii f. purpurascens · M. biondii var. axilliflora · M. biondii var. multialabastra · M. biondii var. purpura · M. 'Black Beauty' · M. 'Black Tulip' · M. blaoensis · M. blumei · M. blumei var. blumei · M. blumei var. sumatrana · M. 'Blushing Belle' · M. boliviana · M. borneensis · M. braianensis · M. brooklynensis · M. brozzonii · M. burseracea · M. 'Butterflies' · M. cacuminicola bissei · M. cacuminoides · M. 'Caerhays Belle' (Deciduous Magnolia) · M. 'Caerhays New Purple' · M. 'Caerhays Surprise' · M. californica · M. calimaensis · M. calophylla · M. calophylloides · M. campbelli · M. campbellii (Pink Tulip Tree) · M. campbellii Alba Group · M. campbellii 'Ambrose Congreve' · M. campbellii 'Ann Jenkins' · M. campbellii 'Betty Jessel' · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii forma alba Hort. · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii 'Darjeeling' · M. campbellii Hook.f. & Thomson ssp. campbellii 'Ethel Hillier'

More Info

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Further Reading

• Li-kuo, F. and Jian-ming, J. (eds) 1992. China Plant Red Data Book – Rare and Endangered Plants 1. Science Press, Beijing.
• National Environment Protection Bureau. 1987. The list of rare and endangered plants protected in China. Botanical Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy Press, Beijing.
• Nooteboom, H.P. 1985. Notes on Magnoliaceae with a revision of Pachylarnax and Elmerrillia and the Malesian species of Manglietia and Michelia. Blumea 31:65-121.
• Nooteboom, H.P. 1996. The Magnoliaceae of China (Draft).
• Canright, J. E. 1960. The comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae. III. Carpels. Amer. J. Bot. 47(2): 145-155.
• Demuth, P. and F. S. Santamour Jr. 1978. Carotenoid flower pigments in Liriodendron and Magnolia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105(1): 65-66.
• Hardin, J. W. and K. A. Jones. 1989. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, X. Magnoliaceae of the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116(2): 164-173.
• Nooteboom, J. P. 1985. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Blumea 31: 65-121.
• Praglowski, J. 1974. Magnoliaceae Juss. Taxonomy by J. E. Dandy. World Pollen Spore Fl. 3: 1-48.
• Sargent, C. S. 1890-1902. The Silva of North America.... 14 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 1-20.
• Spongberg, S. A. 1976. Magnoliaceae hardy in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 250-312.
• Wood, C. E. Jr. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 296-346.
• Callaway, D.J. 1994. The World of Magnolias. Portland.
• Coker, W.C. 1943. Magnolia cordata Michaux. J.Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 59: 81-88.
• Dandy, J.E. Notes on Magnolia and related genera. Unpublished manuscript. Botany Department, The Natural History Museum. London.
• Heiser, C.B. 1962. Some observations on pollination and compatibility in Magnolia. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 72: 259-266.
• Johnson, D.L. 1989. Species and Cultivars of the Genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) Cultivated in the United States. M.S. thesis. Cornell University.
• Johnson, D.L. 1989b. Nomenclatural changes in Magnolia. Baileya 23(1): 55-56.
• McDaniel, J.C. 1966. Variations in the sweet bay magnolias.
• Millais, J.G. 1927. Magnolias. London. Rockwell, H.C. 1966. The Genus Magnolia in the United States. M.S. thesis. West Virginia University.
• Morris Arbor. Bull. 17(1): 7-12.
• Santamour, F.S.Jr. 1969b. Cytology of Magnolia hybrids. I. Morris Arbor. Bull. 20(4): 63-65.
• Thien, L.B. 1974. Floral biology of Magnolia. Amer. J. Bot. 61(10): 1037-1045.
• Thien, L.B., W.H. Heimermann, and R.T. Holman. 1975. Floral odors and quantitative taxonomy of Magnolia and Liriodendron. Taxon 24(5/6): 557-568.
• Tobe, J.D. 1993. A Molecular Systematic Study of Eastern North American Species of Magnolia L. Ph.D. thesis. Clemson University. Treseder, N.G. 1978. Magnolias. Boston.
• Vázquez-G., J.A. 1990. Taxonomy of the Genus Magnolia in Mexico and Central America. M.S. thesis. University of Wisconsin.
• Vázquez-G., J.A. 1994. Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Mexico and Central America: A synopsis. Brittonia 46(1): 1-23.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.

Identifiers

• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-117730
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14299511
• IUCN ID: 34960
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1022633

Footnotes

1. Frederick G. Meyer "Magnoliaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Christopher H. Haufler, Michael D. Windham, Frank A. Lang, S. A. Whitmore "Magnolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]

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