Common Names
Common Names in English:
Russian Arborvitae, Russian Carpet Cypress, Siberian Carpet Cypress, Siberian Cypress
Description
Family Cupressaceae
Trees
or shrubs
evergreen
, monoecious or dioecious. Leaves decussate or in whorls of 3, scalelike and then often dimorphic
with flattened facial leaves and keeled
lateral
leaves, or needlelike particularly in juvenile plants
, often with an abaxial
resin gland
. Pollen cones terminal
or axillary
, solitary, maturing and shed annually; microsporophylls
6-16, decussate or whorled
, each bearing (2 or) 3-6(-9) pollen sacs
; pollen wingless. Seed cones usually terminal, solitary, globose
, ovoid
, or oblong
, dehiscent
or indehiscent when mature
in 1st or 2nd(or 3rd) year; cone scales developing after ovules originate in bract axils; bracts almost completely enveloped by cone scales, free
only at apex; ovules 1-numerous per bract axil, erect
; cone scales of mature cones 3-16, flat or peltate, woody, leathery, or succulent, 1-20-seeded. Seeds winged
or not; wings derived from seed coat
. Cotyledons usually 2, rarely 3-6. Germination epigeal.
Nineteen genera and ca.
125 species: worldwide; eight genera (one introduced
) and 46 species (16 endemic, 13 introduced) in China.[1]
Physical Description
ID Features: Juniper-like foliage. Foliage is scale-like and feathery. Low growing habit with drooping shoot tips. Winter foliage is purple-bronze.
Habit: A low growing spreading evergreen conifer, with an appearance similar to the low growing junipers. Foliage is soft and feathery. Shoots arch over with drooping tips .
Flowers: Not of any ornamental importance. Monoecious with male and female flowers. • Bloom Period: n/a • Flower Conspicuous: None
Seeds: Fruit: Not of any ornamental importance. A single, naked seed with basal scales .
Foliage: Scale-like, pointed , feathery • Foliage Shape: Triangular • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Green • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Foliage is scale-like and prickly to the touch. Color is a bright green. Looks much like juniper foliage. Branchlets in flattened sprays . • Fall foliage: Foliage is evergreen , but turns a bronzy-purple color with exposure to. cold and sun. Foliage "greens up" in the spring . • Winter foliage: Bronze
Size/Age/Growth
Growth Rate: Moderate. • Size: to 18 inches high, 6 ft . and more wide.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: A top notch evergreen groundcover. A good substitute for juniper. Useful as an evergreen groundcover in partial shade (not full shade). Best used in groupings. Bank stabilization. • Liabilities: Probably not as shade tolerant as initially reported. Still somewhat uncommon and hard to find. Some dislike the purple-bronze needle color in the winter. A new plant for which little long term information has been collected. • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring . For a tidy, neat appearance , shear annually to shape .
Habitat
Found above the tree line in the mountains in zone 3.
Ecology: In mixed conifer forests
and mixed angiosperm-conifer forests as undergrowth shrub
, in subalpine
vegetation associated with Pinus pumila, on steep stone
slopes
of mountains, often as a continuous cover
. Elevation
(from GIS): 32 to 1,365 m
, from herbarium
specimens 800 to 1,500 m (GIS in this case more reliable). This species is in cultivation and in the horticultural trade.
List of Habitats
:1.4Forest - Temperate
3.4Shrubland - Temperate
Biology
Growth
Culture: An easily grown plant. Does not appear to be fussy about soil as long as it is well drained. Initially touted as the "juniper for shade". Although it is tolerant of partial shade, it looks at its best in full sun .
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Filtered sun
Moisture: Water Requirements: Once established needs only occasional water.
Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 7 (>60 to 90 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: High:7 (0 to 10 F) Low:2 (-50 to -40 F) (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Pinopsida
(
)
- Order:
Pinales
(
)
- Family:
Cupressaceae
(
)
- Richard Ex Bartling, 1830, Nom. Cons.
- Cypress Family
- Genus:
Microbiota
(
)
- Komarov, 1923
- Specific epithet:
decussata
- Kom.
- Botanical name: - Microbiota decussata
- Specific epithet:
decussata
- Kom.
- Genus:
Microbiota
(
- Family:
Cupressaceae
(
- Order:
Pinales
(
- Class:
Pinopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Farjon A., 11-Jan-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Microbiota
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
M. decussata (Siberian Carpet Cypress) · M. decussata 'Gold Spot' · M. decussata Kom. 'Hexenbesen' · M. decussata 'Jakobsen' · M. decussata 'Trompenburg'
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Borodin, A.M. et al. 1985. Krasnaya kniga SSSR: redkie i nakhodyashchiesya pod ugrozoi ischeznoveniya vidy zhivotnykh i rastenii. - izdanie vtoroe [2]: tom pervyi - vtoroi [1-2]. Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow.
- Farjon, A. et al. 1998. Data collection forms for conifer species completed by the IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group between 1996 and 1998.
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. and Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- Kharkevich, S.S. 1985. Plantae Vasculariis Orientis Extremi Sovietici [Vascular Plants of the Soviet Union’s Far East]. Nauka, Leningrad.
- Nedoluzhko, V.A. 1999. Endangered woody plants of the Russian Far East. Academia Sinica, Taipei.
- Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers) 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Wang Wen-tsai, Cheng Wan-chün, Fu Li-kuo & Chu Cheng-de. 1978. Cupressaceae. In: Cheng Wan-chün & Fu Li-kuo, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 313-398.
Notes
Contributors
- Bachman, S. (RBG Kew), Farjon, A. (RBG Kew), Gardner, M. (RBG Edinburgh), Thomas, P. (RBG Edinburgh), Luscombe, D. (Forestry Comm. Bedgebury) & Reynolds, C. (Forestry Comm. Bedgebury) 2007. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Conifer Database 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Natural Forests, Herbarium
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3497192
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-2518
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14706012
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676932-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 676932-1
- IUCN ID: 30750
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 645868
Footnotes
- Liguo Fu, Yong-fu Yu, Robert P. Adams & Aljos Farjon "Cupressaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 62. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
