Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]
Genus Odontites
Herbs, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite. Bracts smaller than leaves. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla tube
tubular
; limb 2-lipped; lower lip spreading
, 3-lobed, lateral
lobes
entire, middle
lobe emarginate; upper lip slightly arching
, obscurely galeate
, margin
straight, apex entire to emarginate
. Stamens 4, didynamous
, enclosed by galea; anther
locules slightly divergent, pointed
at base
. Stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous
, pendulous, sculptured
, winged
; wings cross
striate
.
About 20 species: temperate regions
of Asia, Europe, and N Africa; one species in China.[2]
Physical Description
Species Odontites vulgaris
Annuals , 20-60 cm tall, entirely with appressed white hairs . Stems often branched from middle and apically, quadrangular above. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-4.5 X 0.3-1 cm, margin sparsely dentate . Spikes terminal ; lower bracts leaflike. Calyx campanulate , 4-7 mm, slightly inflated in fruit; lobes narrowly triangular. Corolla purple, purple-red, or pale red, 8-10 mm, white villous outside. Capsule narrowly oblong , slightly compressed , 4-7 mm, apically hirsute. Seeds ellipsoid , ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Aug. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Habitat
Meadows; below 2000 m.
[3].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,001 meters (0 to 6,565 feet).[4]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
)
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
(
)
- Genus:
Odontites
(
)
- Ludwig, Inst. Regn. Veg., ed. 2. 120. 1757.
- Odontites
- Specific epithet:
vulgaris
- Moench, Methodus. 499. 1794.
- Botanical name: - Odontites vulgaris Moench
- Specific epithet:
vulgaris
- Moench, Methodus. 499. 1794.
- Genus:
Odontites
(
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Euphrasia odontites Linnaeus
- Euphrasia serotina Lamarck
- Odontites serotina (Lamarck) Dumotier.
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Odontites
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 166 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
O. albidulus · O. alpestris · O. anselmii · O. aragonensis · O. asperus · O. asturica · O. asturicus · O. asturicus var. sanguineus · O. atlanticus · O. aucheri · O. australis · O. biancae · O. bocconei · O. bocconii · O. catalaunicus · O. caucasicus · O. cebennensis · O. ceretanica · O. ceretanus · O. chrysantha · O. chrysanthus · O. ciliatus · O. citardae · O. citrinus · O. corsica · O. corsicus · O. creticus · O. cypria · O. cyprius · O. discolor · O. discolor ciliatus · O. divergens · O. djurdjurae · O. duffourii · O. dukerleyi · O. elias-sennenii · O. eliassennenii · O. estonica · O. fennicus · O. foliosa · O. foliosus · O. fradini · O. fradinii · O. frangula · O. glandulosus · O. glaucus · O. glutinosa · O. glutinosus · O. gonzali · O. gonzalii · O. gracilis · O. granatensis · O. heterocalyx · O. himalayica · O. himalayicus · O. hispanica · O. hispanicus · O. hispidulus · O. holliana · O. hollianus · O. hydrophilis · O. ixodes · O. jaubertiana · O. jaubertianus · O. kaliformis · O. kochii · O. lanceolata · O. lanceolatus · O. lanceolatus olotensis · O. lanceolatus provincialis · O. lanceolatus subsp. olotensis · O. lapiei · O. linifolia · O. linifolius · O. linkii · O. linkii creticus · O. linkii cyprius · O. litoralis · O. longiflora · O. longiflorus · O. longiflorus lateritius · O. longiflorus var. lateritius · O. longiflorus var. roseus · O. longifolia · O. longifolius · O. lutea · O. luteolus · O. luteus · O. maroccanus · O. mesatlanticus · O. odontites · O. olotensis · O. paschalis · O. pellegrinii · O. pilatiana · O. pilatianus · O. powellii · O. pratensis · O. procumbens · O. pseudo-granatensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Die Phanerogamen - Flora Oesels und der benachbarten Eilande und Beitrag zur Flora der Insel Runoe / von Arthur Baron v. Sass. Dorpat: Druck von H. Laakmann, 1860. GER url p. 33, p. 81.
- Enumeratio stirpium florae Helveticae: secundum ordines naturales disposita / auctore Th. Wegelin. Turici: Typis O. Fuesslini, 1838. LAT url p. 31.
- Flora des silurischen Bodens von Ehstland, Nord-Livland und Oesel. Dorpat, Druck von H. Laakmann, 1855. GER url p. 35.
- Flora italiana; ossia, Descrizione delle piante che crescono spontanee o vegetano come tali in Italia e nelle isole ad essa aggaicenti; disposta secondo il metodo naturale. Firenze, Tip. Le Monnier, 1848-1896. ITA url p. 464, p. 467.
- Icones florae Germanicae et Helveticae, simul Pedemontanae, Tirolensis, Istriacae, Dalmaticae, Austriacae, Hungaricae, Transylvanicae, Moravicae, Borussicae, Holsaticae, Belgicae, Hollandicae, ergo Me Iconographia et supplementum ad opera Willdenowii [et Lipsiae, F. Hofmeister [etc.]1834-1912. [v. 1, 1850] LAT url p. 57.
- Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 331.
- Prodromus florae Batavae / in sociorum imprimis usum edendum curavit Societas Promovendo Florae Batavae studio [Leyden]: Sumptibus Societatis, apud J. Hazenberg, 1850-1866. LAT url p. 130.
- Prodromus florae Batavae. Nijmegen, F.E. MacDonald, 1901- LAT url p. 130.
- Repertorium botanices systematicae. Auctore Guilielmo Gerardo Walpers Lipsiae, Sumtibus Friderici Hofmeister, 1842-48. LAT url p. 399.
- Rvision des champignons, tant suprieurs qu'infrieurs trouvs jusqu' ce jour dans les Pays-Bas / par C.A.J.A. Oudemans. Amsterdam: J. Mller, 1892-1897. FRE url p. 13, p. 4.
- Sulla flora della provincia Senese e Maremma toscana / studi del dott. Attilio Tassi. Siena: Tip. nel R. Instit. dei Sordo-Muti di L. Lazzeri, 1862. ITA url p. 24.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 28, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 19 providers.
- "Odontites vulgaris". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2676448
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-565327
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13735776
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:806466-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 565327
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ODVU
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 51417
Footnotes
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Odontites". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Odontites vulgaris". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 220.280 meters (722.703 feet), Standard Deviation = 225.310 based on 2,364 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
