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Odontites vulgaris

Description

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Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Genus Odontites

Herbs, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite. Bracts smaller than leaves. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla tube tubular ; limb 2-lipped; lower lip spreading , 3-lobed, lateral lobes entire, middle lobe emarginate; upper lip slightly arching , obscurely galeate , margin straight, apex entire to emarginate . Stamens 4, didynamous , enclosed by galea; anther locules slightly divergent, pointed at base . Stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous , pendulous, sculptured , winged ; wings cross striate .

About 20 species: temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and N Africa; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Odontites vulgaris

Annuals , 20-60 cm tall, entirely with appressed white hairs . Stems often branched from middle and apically, quadrangular above. Leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-4.5 X 0.3-1 cm, margin sparsely dentate . Spikes terminal ; lower bracts leaflike. Calyx campanulate , 4-7 mm, slightly inflated in fruit; lobes narrowly triangular. Corolla purple, purple-red, or pale red, 8-10 mm, white villous outside. Capsule narrowly oblong , slightly compressed , 4-7 mm, apically hirsute. Seeds ellipsoid , ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Aug. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Habitat

Meadows; below 2000 m. [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,001 meters (0 to 6,565 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Euphrasia odontites Linnaeus
  2. Euphrasia serotina Lamarck
  3. Odontites serotina (Lamarck) Dumotier.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Odontites

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 166 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

O. albidulus · O. alpestris · O. anselmii · O. aragonensis · O. asperus · O. asturica · O. asturicus · O. asturicus var. sanguineus · O. atlanticus · O. aucheri · O. australis · O. biancae · O. bocconei · O. bocconii · O. catalaunicus · O. caucasicus · O. cebennensis · O. ceretanica · O. ceretanus · O. chrysantha · O. chrysanthus · O. ciliatus · O. citardae · O. citrinus · O. corsica · O. corsicus · O. creticus · O. cypria · O. cyprius · O. discolor · O. discolor ciliatus · O. divergens · O. djurdjurae · O. duffourii · O. dukerleyi · O. elias-sennenii · O. eliassennenii · O. estonica · O. fennicus · O. foliosa · O. foliosus · O. fradini · O. fradinii · O. frangula · O. glandulosus · O. glaucus · O. glutinosa · O. glutinosus · O. gonzali · O. gonzalii · O. gracilis · O. granatensis · O. heterocalyx · O. himalayica · O. himalayicus · O. hispanica · O. hispanicus · O. hispidulus · O. holliana · O. hollianus · O. hydrophilis · O. ixodes · O. jaubertiana · O. jaubertianus · O. kaliformis · O. kochii · O. lanceolata · O. lanceolatus · O. lanceolatus olotensis · O. lanceolatus provincialis · O. lanceolatus subsp. olotensis · O. lapiei · O. linifolia · O. linifolius · O. linkii · O. linkii creticus · O. linkii cyprius · O. litoralis · O. longiflora · O. longiflorus · O. longiflorus lateritius · O. longiflorus var. lateritius · O. longiflorus var. roseus · O. longifolia · O. longifolius · O. lutea · O. luteolus · O. luteus · O. maroccanus · O. mesatlanticus · O. odontites · O. olotensis · O. paschalis · O. pellegrinii · O. pilatiana · O. pilatianus · O. powellii · O. pratensis · O. procumbens · O. pseudo-granatensis

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Odontites". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Odontites vulgaris". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  4. Mean = 220.280 meters (722.703 feet), Standard Deviation = 225.310 based on 2,364 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009