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Panicum nephelophilum

(Kona Kona Panic-Grass)

Overview

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Vulnerable
Threat status

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Kona Kona Panic-Grass, Konakona

Description

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Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Panicum

Annuals or perennials . Culms erect , geniculately ascending or decumbent . Leaves basal or cauline; leaf blades filiform or linear to lanceolate or ovate , usually flat. Inflorescence usually a terminal open panicle, variously condensed or occasionally spicate rarely racemose. Spikelets usually symmetrical and dorsally compressed , disarticulating below the glumes ; 2-flowered, the lower floret staminate or barren, the upper bisexual . Glumes herbaceous to membranous, ovate or oblong , obtuse to acute, acuminate or cuspidate ; lower usually shorter than the spikelet, rarely equal, an internode between the glumes sometimes present, upper glume as long as spikelet, or slightly shorter; lower lemma similar to upper glume, with or without a palea; upper floret coriaceous, bony or cartilaginous , the margins of the lemma inrolled and clasping the palea, apex obtuse to acute or apiculate , crested or excavated . Hilum rounded to oval . x = 9, 10.

About 500 species:pantropical, extending into temperate regions of North America; 21 species (four introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Graminoid

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

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Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Voy. Uranie 411. 1829

Name verified on 03-Mar-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Panicum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2345 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. abludens · P. abortivum · P. abscissum (Cutthroat Grass) · P. abyssinicum · P. acariferum · P. accrescens · P. aciculare · P. aciculare var. aciculare · P. aciculare var. ovinum · P. acicularifolium · P. acostia · P. acroanthum · P. acromelaenum · P. acrotrichum · P. aculeatum · P. acuminatifolium · P. acuminatissimum · P. acuminatum · P. acuminatum var. acuminatum · P. acutatum · P. acutiflorum · P. acutifolium · P. acutiglumum · P. acutissimum · P. acutum · P. addisonii · P. adenense · P. adenophorum · P. adenophyllum · P. adenorhachis · P. adhaerens · P. adoense · P. adpressum · P. adscendens · P. adspersum · P. adspersum var. exile · P. adspersum var. neesii · P. adtenuatum · P. adustum · P. adustum var. leianthum · P. aegyptiacum · P. aegyptium · P. aemulum · P. aequabile · P. aequatum · P. aequiglume · P. aequinerve · P. aequivaginatum · P. affine · P. africanum · P. afrum · P. afzelii · P. agglutinans · P. agrioides · P. agrostideum · P. agrostidiforme · P. agrostis · P. agrostoides · P. agrostoides elongatum · P. airoides · P. akoense · P. alabamense · P. alatum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. alatum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. longiflorum (Winged Panicgrass) · P. alatum var. minus (Winged Panicgrass) · P. albemarlense · P. albens · P. albertense · P. albicomum · P. albidulum · P. albidum · P. albo-marginatum · P. albociliatum · P. albomaculatum · P. albomarginatum · P. albospiculatum · P. albovellereum · P. album · P. alcobense · P. aldabrense · P. alectromerum · P. alleizettei · P. almadense · P. alopecuroides · P. alopecuroideum · P. alopecuros · P. alopecurus · P. alsinoides · P. alsophilum · P. altissimum · P. altum · P. amabile · P. amadryadum · P. amaroides · P. amarulum · P. amarum (Smaller Sea-Beach Pea) · P. amarum amarulum · P. amarum amarulum var. amarulum (Coastal Panic Grass) · P. amarum 'Dewey Blue' (Bitter Panic Grass)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Shou-liang Chen & Stephen A. Renvoize "Panicum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 500, 504, 510, 512, 513. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/2/2009