Pedicularis sudetica

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Genus Pedicularis

Herbs perennial or annual , rarely biennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled , usually pinnatifid to 1- or 2-pinnatisect, rarely entire or dentate . Lower leaves usually long petiolate ; upper leaves often ± sessile. Inflorescences terminal or flowers axillary ; bracts usually leaflike. Calyx tubular to campanulate , often ± bilabiate, usually deeply cleft anteriorly, (2--) 5-lobed. Corolla purple, red, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate; upper lip (galea) hooded , enclosing anthers , laterally compressed , rounded or truncate , or terminating in teeth or in a beak ; lower lip 3-lobed, usually spreading , external to upper lip in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glabrous or pubescent ; anthers mucronate or not. Stigma capitate. Capsule moderately compressed or not, loculicidal. Seeds numerous , reticulate or costate .

About 600 species: best represented in the mountains of SW China and widespread in the frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere; 352 species (271 endemic) occur in China.

From the limited available data, the species of Pedicularis in China are pollinated by bumblebees gathering nectar and/or pollen on nectariferous non-beaked species, and pollen only, by scraping or vibrating,on beaked species including those with long corolla tubes (Macior, L. W. 1988. Plant Species Biol. 3: 61--66.; Macior, L. W. & S. K . Sood. 1991. Plant Species Biol. 6: 75--81.; Macior, L. W., pers. comm. ).

The rank of series has been traditionally used in Pedicularis since the time of Prain's work (Ann. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 3: 1--196. 1890). Sections (and subgenera ) have also been used (e.g. , by Bunge in Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 3: 409--433. 1844; Li, H. L. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 101: 1--214. 1949; Yamazaki, T. 1988. A revision of the genus Pedicularis in Nepal. in: Ohba, H. & Malla, S.B. (eds.), The Himalayan Plants 1: 91--161, and others). [2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pedicularis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1135 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. abrotanifolia · P. acaulis · P. achilleaefolia · P. achilleifolia · P. achilleifolia var. altaica · P. achilleifolia var. chacassica · P. acmodonta · P. adamsii · P. adscendens · P. adunca · P. aemondonza · P. aequibarbis · P. aequinoctialis · P. afghanica · P. alaica · P. alaschanica · P. alatauica · P. albertae · P. alberti · P. albida · P. albiflora · P. albomarginata · P. allionii · P. allorrhampha · P. aloensis · P. alopecuroides (Canadian Lousewort) · P. alopecuros · P. alpicola · P. altaica · P. altfrontalis · P. altissima · P. amoena · P. amoeniflora · P. amplicollis · P. amplituba · P. anas · P. anas nepalensis · P. angularis · P. angustiflora · P. angustifolia (Mogollon Mountain Lousewort) · P. angustilabris · P. angustiloba · P. angustissima · P. annapurnensis · P. anomala · P. anserantha · P. anserantha var. elevatogaleata · P. anthemifolia · P. aphyllocaulis · P. apodochila · P. aquilina · P. araratica · P. arctica · P. arctoeuropaea · P. arguteserrata · P. armata · P. armata var. trimaculata · P. armatoides · P. armena · P. artselaeri · P. ascendens · P. aschistorrhyncha · P. asparagoides · P. asplenifolia · P. aspleniifolia · P. atra · P. atro-purpurea · P. atropurpurea · P. atrorubens · P. atrosanguinea · P. atrosanguinea var. atrosanguinea · P. atroviridis · P. attenuata · P. attenuata densiflora · P. attolens · P. attollens (Little Elephant's-Head) · P. attollens subsp. protogyna (Little Elephantshead) · P. atuntsiensis · P. aurantiaca (Indian Warrior) · P. aurata · P. auriculata · P. avana · P. axillaris · P. balfouriana · P. balkharica · P. bambusetorum · P. barrelieri · P. batangensis · P. baumgarteni · P. baumgartenii · P. beauverdii · P. bella · P. bernardinensis · P. besseriana · P. bhutanomuscoides · P. bibonatii · P. bicknelli · P. bicolor · P. bicornuta · P. bidentata

More Info

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Further Reading

• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 141, p. 62.
• An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska / edited by Jerry Brown [et al.]. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross: c1980. ENG url p. 389.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 439, p. 439.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 143, p. 279, p. 280, p. 385, p. 386, p. 444, p. 460, p. 643.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: H. Hagerups Forlag, ENG url p. 303.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 59.
• Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Geologie. Paris. url p. 342.
• Die Pflanzendecke Österreich-Ungarns. Auf Grund fremder und eigener Forschungen geschildert, von Dr. August Edler von Hayek. Hrsg. mit einem Druckkostenbeitrag der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Leipzig, F. Deuticke, 1916- [i.e. 1914] GER url p. 115, p. 116, p. 213.
• Dritter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phanerogamenflora von Böhmen, von Karl Domin. [Prag, 1904] GER url p. 23.
• Enumeratio plantarum Transsilvaniae: exhiben: stirpes phanerogamas sponte crescentes atque frequentius cultas, cryptogamas vasculares, charceas, etiam muscos hepaticasque / auctore Phil. Johanne Ferdinando Schur. Vindobonae: Apud G. Braumhuller, 1866. GER url p. 507.
• Erdély edényes flórájának helyesbitett foglalata / Enumeratio florae transsilvanicae vesculosae critica / ex mandato Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Regiae Hungaricae scripsit Ludovicus Simonkai. a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat megbizásábol ir Budapest: Kiadja a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat, 1886. HUN url p. 431.
• Fauna arctica: eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nördliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898 / Unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen h Jena: G. Fischer, 19 GER url p. 490.
• Flora von Schlesien, preussischen und österreichischen Anteils. Bearbeitet von Theodor Schube. Breslau, Korn, 1904. GER url p. 352.
• Geschichte der Botanik in Böhmen / von V. Maiwald. Wien: C. Fromme, 1904. GER url p. 150.
• Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: R. Kittler, 1852-1890. GER url p. 158.
• Hoffmann-Dennert botanischer Bilderatlas, nach dem naturlichen Pflanzensystem Suttgart, Schweizerbart, 1911. GER url p. 220.
• Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde. Wiesbaden: J.F. Bergmann, GER url p. 290.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 12, p. 261, p. 37, p. 406, p. 50, p. 566, p. 588, p. 813, p. 888, p. 972.
• Me?moires /Socie?te? botanique de France. 1907-1912 [Paris: La Socie?te?, 1905-1921. FRE url p. 27.
• Meddelanden af Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsingfors[Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica] SWE url p. 86.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. ENG url p. 139.
• Schlesiens Pflanzenwelt. Eine pflanzengeographische Schilderung der Provinz. Jena, G. Fischer, 1915. GER url p. 262, p. 263, p. 66.
• Sudentenflora: Eine Auswahl charakteristischer Gebirgspflanzen, nach natürlichen Familien unter Berücksichtigung des Linnéschen Systems / bearbeitet von W. Winkler. Dresden: C. Heinrich, 1900. GER url p. 126.
• The Canadian naturalist and geologist. Montreal, Dawson. ENG url p. 333.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 155, p. 156.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] ENG url p. 447.
• Troms museums rshefter. Troms, Troms museum, 1878-1951. NOR url p. 118, p. 168, p. 170, p. 180.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 6, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 7 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655773
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-524427
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13747389
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:807685-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33357
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1K110
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PESUG PESU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 54013

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Yang Han-bi, Noel H. Holmgren, Robert R. Mill "Pedicularis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 97. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 556.870 meters (1,827.001 feet), Standard Deviation = 807.380 based on 150 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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