Overview
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Threatened |
|
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Canaan Mountain Beardtongue, Sandloving Penstemon
Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Forb/herb
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
)
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Penstemon
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1494 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. 'Abberley' · P. 'Abbeydore' · P. 'Abbotsmerry' · P. abietinus (Firleaf Beardtongue) · P. aboriginium · P. aboriginum · P. absarokensis (Absaroka Range Beardtongue) · P. acaulis (Stemless Beardtongue) · P. acuminatus (Sanddune Beardtongue) · P. acuminatus f. roseus · P. acuminatus var. acuminatus (Sharpleaf Penstemon) · P. acuminatus var. latebracteatus (Sharpleaf Penstemon) · P. acuminatus var. minor · P. adamsianus · P. aggregatus · P. 'Agnes Laing' · P. alamosensis (Los Alamos Beardtongue) · P. albertinus (Alberta Beardtongue) · P. albidum · P. albidus (White-Flower Beardtongue) · P. albifloris · P. albifluvis · P. albomarginalis · P. albomarginatus (White-Margin Beardtongue) · P. albrightii · P. 'Alice Hindley' · P. 'Alice Howarth' · P. alluviorum (Lowland Beardtongue) · P. alpinus · P. alpinus alpinus · P. alpinus brandegei · P. alpinus magnus var. glaber · P. alpinus nagnus · P. alsinoides · P. amabilis · P. ambiguus (Pink Plains Beardtongue) · P. ambiguus var. ambiguus (Gilia Beardtongue) · P. ambiguus var. foliosus · P. ambiguus var. laevissimus (Pink Plains Beardtongue) · P. ambiguus var. thurberi · P. ammophilus (Canaan Mountain Beardtongue) · P. amphorellae · P. amplexicaulis · P. amplus · P. 'Amy Gray' · P. 'Andenken an Friedrich Hahn' · P. angelicus · P. anguineus (Siskiyou Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius (Broad-Beard Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius caudatus · P. angustifolius var. angustifolius (Broad-Beard Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius var. caudatus (Broadbeard Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius var. dulcis (Broadbeard Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius var. venosus (Broadbeard Beardtongue) · P. angustifolius var. vernalensis (Vernal Narrow-Leaf Penstemon) · P. antirrhinoides · P. antirrhinoides microphyllus · P. apateticus · P. apateticus durangensis · P. apateticus f. triphyllus · P. 'Apple Blossom' (Border Penstemon) · P. arenarius (Nevada Sanddune Beardtongue) · P. arenicola (Red Desert Beardtongue) · P. aridus (Stiff-Leaf Beardtongue) · P. arizonicus · P. arkansanus (Arkansas Beardtongue) · P. arkansanus pubescens · P. 'Artist White Bell' · P. 'Ashton' · P. 'Astley' · P. attenuatus (Taper-Leaf Beardtongue) · P. attenuatus f. multicolor · P. attenuatus hyacinthinus · P. attenuatus militaris var. militaris · P. attenuatus pseudoprocerus var. pseudoprocerus · P. attenuatus typicus · P. attenuatus var. attenuatus (Sulphur Penstemon) · P. attenuatus var. glabratus · P. attenuatus var. hyacinthinus · P. attenuatus var. militaris (Taper-Leaved Beardtongue) · P. attenuatus var. palustris (Sulphur Beardtongue) · P. attenuatus var. varians · P. atwoodii (Kaiparowits Beardtongue) · P. 'Audrey Cooper' · P. auriberbis (Colorado Beardtongue) · P. auricomus · P. austinii · P. australis (Eustis Lake Beard Tongue) · P. australis f. odontophyllus · P. 'Axe Valley Jessica' · P. 'Axe Valley Mabel Alice' · P. 'Axe Valley Penny Mitchell' · P. 'Axe Valley Pixie' · P. 'Axe Valley Suzie' · P. azureus (Sky Blue Beardtongue) · P. azureus ambiguus · P. azureus angustissimus (Small Penstemon) · P. azureus angustissimus var. angustissimus · P. azureus azureus (Small Azure Beardtongue) · P. azureus f. jaffrayanus
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 6, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668491
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-504204
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:900529-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504204
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR1L700
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PEAM5
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 54422
Footnotes
- Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
