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Pereskia grandifolia

(Bastard Rose, Cactaceae, Ora Pro Nobis, Perescia, Pereskia, Pray-For-Us, Rose Cactus, Wax Rose)

Overview:

Conservation Status

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Threats:

  • 1.1 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Agriculture (ongoing)
  • 1.3.3 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Extraction - Wood (ongoing)
  • 1.4.2 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Human settlement (ongoing)
  • 1.4.3 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Infrastructure development - Tourism/recreation (ongoing)

For info on these threat codes, see here.

Justification

The natural range of this taxon remains poorly known, probably through early destruction of its habitat and for the uncertainty as to its native status caused by its widespread introduction as a cultivated ornamental. It has been taken into cultivation as a hedge plant in the region where it may be native.

Taxonomy

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  • Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
    • Kingdom: Plantae Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
      • Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
        • Phylum: Tracheophyta Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Suppl. pl. succ. 85. 1819

Name verified on 01-Mar-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 01-Mar-2004

Physical Description

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Family Cactaceae:

Fleshy perennials, shrubs, trees or vines, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems jointed, terete, globose, flattened, or fluted, mostly leafless and variously spiny. Leaves alternate, flat or subulate to terete, vestigial, or entirely absent; spines, glochids (easily detached, small, bristlelike spines), and flowers always arising from cushionlike, axillary areoles (modified short shoots) . Flowers solitary, sessile, rarely clustered and stalked (in Pereskia), bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or occasionally zygomorphic. Receptacle tube (hypanthium or perianth tube) absent or short to elongate, naked or invested with leaflike bracts, scales, areoles, and hairs, bristles, or spines; perianth segments usually numerous, in a sepaloid to petaloid series. Stamens numerous, variously inserted in throat and tube; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary (pericarpel) inferior, rarely superior, 1-loculed, with 3 to many parietal (rarely basal) placentas; ovules usually numerous; style 1; stigmas 2 to numerous, papillate, rarely 2-fid. Fruit juicy or dry, naked, scaly, hairy, bristly, or spiny, indehiscent or dehiscent, when juicy then pulp derived from often deliquescent funicles (except in Pereskia) . Seeds usually numerous, often arillate or strophiolate; embryo curved or rarely straight; endosperm present or absent; cotyledons reduced or vestigial, rarely leaflike.

About 110 genera and more than 1000 species: temperate and tropical America; Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Mueller) Stearn native in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes, and Sri Lanka; some species of other genera now extensively naturalized in the Old World through human agency; more than 60 genera and 600 species cultivated as ornamentals or hedges in China, of which four genera and seven species more or less naturalized.[1]

Genus Pereskia:

Stems straight or zig-zag. Spines 1-12 per areole. Flowers from areoles of new growth, fragrant or not; outer tepals often greenish, colored near margins; inner tepals white, yellow, orange-red, red, pink to purplish; stamens 50-100 in small-flowered species, to 300 in large-flowered species; filaments colorless near base, in some species pigmented distally, color either matching inner tepals or contrasting with them; styles shorter to longer than stamens; stigma lobes 3-20. x = 11.

Species 17: introduced; tropical and subtropical regions in the New World, primarily South America.

Whether the populations of Pereskia in the flora area are reproducing sexually or maintaining themselves solely by vegetative means remains unclear. The population biology of both species and their long-term persistence in the flora need to be monitored.[2]

Species Pereskia grandifolia:

Large shrub from Brazil with clusters of pink or white rose-like flowers, each about one and a half inches in diameter. Although the plant bears a few spines that are characteristic of cacti, it is one of only a few species that also bear large foliage leaves.

Images:

Distribution

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Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: .

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Pereskia:

There are approximately 106 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. acardia · P. aculeata (Barbados Gooseberry) · P. aculeata 'Godseffiana' · P. aculeata 'Variegata' · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. godseffiana (Sander) F.M.Knuth · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. lanceolata Pfeiff. · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. latifolia Salm-Dyck · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. longispina (Haw.) DC. · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. rotundifolia Pfeiff. · P. aculeata (Plum.) Mill. var. rubescens Pfeiff. · P. aculeata f. rubescens · P. aculeata var. brasiliensis · P. aculeata var. lanceolata · P. aculeata var. rotundifolia (Pereskia) · P. aculeata var. rubescens (Pereskia) · P. aculiata · P. affinis · P. amapola · P. antoniana · P. antumnalis · P. argentina · P. aureiflora (Fachno) · P. autumnalis · P. bahiensis (Espinha De Santo Antonio) · P. blakeana · P. bleo (Leaf Cactus) · P. brasiliensis · P. calandriniaefolia · P. colombiana · P. conzatii · P. conzattii · P. corrugata · P. crassicaulis · P. cruenta · P. cubensis · P. diaz-romeroana (Uturunku) · P. diazromeroana · P. glomerata · P. godseffiana · P. grandiflora · P. grandifolia (Bastard Rose) · P. grandifolia grandifolia · P. grandifolia var. grandifolia · P. grandifolia var. violacea · P. grandifolia violacea (Pereskia) · P. grandispina · P. guamacho (Fachno) · P. haageana · P. higuearna · P. higuerana · P. horrida (Pereskia) · P. horrida rauhii (Pereskia) · P. hortensis · P. humboldtii · P. humboldtii Britton & Rose var. humboldtii · P. humboldtii Britton & Rose var. rauhii (Backeb.) Leuenb. · P. humboldtii var. rauhii · P. humboltii · P. inundata · P. lanceolata · P. longispina · P. longissima · P. lychnidiflora (Cruz Del Matrimonio) · P. marcanoi (Pereskia) · P. moorei · P. nemorosa (Amapola) · P. nicoyana · P. ochnacarpa · P. opuntiaeflora · P. opuntiflora · P. opuntiiflora · P. panamensis · P. paniculata · P. peireskia · P. pflanzii · P. philippii · P. pititache · P. plantaginea · P. poeppigii · P. portulacifolia (Camelia Roja) · P. quisqueyana (Pereskia) · P. rosea · P. rotundifolia · P. rubescens · P. saccharosa (Pereskia) · P. sacharosa · P. saipinensis · P. sarachosa · P. scandens · P. sparsiflora · P. spathulata · P. stenantha (Espinha De Santo Antonio) · P. subulata · P. tampicana · P. undulata · P. vargasii · P. vargasii H.Johnson var. longispina Rauh & Backeb. · P. vargasii H.Johnson var. rauhii Backeb. · P. vargasii var. longispina · P. vargasii var. rauhii

Bibliography

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  • .Li Zhenyu. 1999. Cactaceae. In: Ku Tsuechih, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(1): 272-285.
  • Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
  • Anderson, E. F. (2001): The Cactus Family, Timber Press, Protland, Oregon
  • Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family. (Cact Fam)
  • Angely, J. A. 1970–. Flora analítica e fitográfica do Estado de São Paulo. (F Anal Sao Paulo)
  • Bacekeberg. 1977. Das Kakteen Lexikon. 356. [= Rhodocactus grandifolius].
  • Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1963–1968. Flora of Java. (F Java)
  • Benson, L. 1982. The cacti of the United States and Canada. (Cact US Can) 911.
  • Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
  • FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
  • Fournet, J. 1978. Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique. (F GuadMart)
  • Henderson, M. et al. 1987. Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa. Botanical Research Institute, bulletin 413. (Weeds SAfr) [declared a weed as a precaution].
  • Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt) 5:418.
  • León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). 1946–1962. Flora de Cuba.; suppl. 1969 (F CubaLeon) [= Rhodocactus grandifolius (Haw.) Knuth].
  • Leuenberger, B. E. 1986. Pereskia (Cactaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 41: 1-141.
  • Leuenberger, B. E. 1992. Leaf-bearing cacti (genus Pereskia) in cultivation. Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64: 247-263.
  • Leuenberger. 1986. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 41:111.
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
  • Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
  • Taylor, N. & D. Zappi. 2004. Cacti of eastern Brazil. (Cact EBrazil)

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors:

  • Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
  • Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:

Identifiers:

Footnotes:

  1. Zhen-yu Li & Nigel P. Taylor "Cactaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 209. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Michael W. Hawkes "Pereskia". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 92, 95, 100. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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Last Revised: May 11, 2008