Phalaris canariensis

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Roadsides and other disturbed places, introduced ; below 3000 m (Ref. 102402).

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,028 meters (0 to 9,934 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:54. 1753

Name verified on 25-Jan-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Apr-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Phalaris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 147 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. acuatica · P. alpina · P. ambigua · P. americana · P. americana var. picta · P. amethystina · P. ammophila · P. angusta (Timothy Canary Grass) · P. angustata · P. appendiculata · P. aquatica (Bulb Canary Grass (South Africa)) · P. aquatica 'Australia' · P. aquatica 'Uneta' · P. aquatica x · P. arechavaletae · P. arenaria · P. ariculata · P. aristata · P. arudinacea · P. arundenacea · P. arundianacea · P. arundinacea (Gardener´s-Garters) · P. arundinaceae · P. arundinacea 'Bamse' · P. arundinacea 'Dwarf Garters' (Dwarf Ribbon Grass) · P. arundinacea 'Elegantissima' · P. arundinacea 'Feesey's Form' (Reed Canary Grass) · P. arundinacea 'Feesey' (Strawberries and Cream Ribbon Grass) · P. arundinacea fo · P. arundinacea L. 'Picta' · P. arundinacea 'Luteo-Picta' (Gardeners Garters) · P. arundinacea 'Picta' · P. arundinacea 'Strawberries & Cream' (Gardeners Garters) · P. arundinacea 'Turkey Red' · P. arundinacea var. arundinacea · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Aureovariegata' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Feesey' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Luteopicta' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Luteovariegata' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Picta' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Streamlined' · P. arundinacea var. picta 'Tricolor' · P. arundinacea var. variegata · P. arundinacea 'Variegata' · P. arundinacea 'Yugoslavian' · P. aspera · P. aundinacea · P. avicularis · P. barrelieri · P. bellardi · P. berteroniana · P. brachystachys (Shortspike Canarygrass) · P. brevis · P. bulbosa · P. bulbosum · P. caerulescens · P. caesia · P. caespitosa · P. californica (California Canarygrass) · P. canadensis · P. canariensis (Common Canary Grass) · P. capensis · P. caroliniana (Carolina Canary Grass) · P. chilensis · P. ciliaris · P. ciliata · P. coerulescens (Sunol Grass) · P. colchaguensis · P. colorata · P. commutata · P. cristata · P. crypsoides · P. cuspidata · P. cylindrica · P. daviesii · P. decumbens · P. dentata · P. disticha · P. elongata · P. erucaeformis · P. eruciformis · P. explicata · P. geniculata · P. glomerata · P. gracilis · P. hirtiglumis · P. hispanica · P. hispida · P. humilis · P. hybrid · P. intermedia · P. intermedia var. angusta · P. intermedia var. angustata · P. intermedia var. microstachya · P. japonica · P. laxa · P. lemmonii (Lemmon's Canarygrass) · P. lindigii · P. maderensis · P. maritima

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 43 providers.
• "Phalaris canariensis". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 335. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• NLBIF, Limnodata
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661387
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41336
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13847243
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:71610-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 27517
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41336
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PHCA5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 52765

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 132.150 meters (433.563 feet), Standard Deviation = 226.950 based on 4,751 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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