Common Names
Common Names in English:
Black Witch, Chokecherry, Crazy Ant, Crimson Speckled Footman Moth, Galapagos Carpenter Ant, Galapagos Green-Eyed Horsefly, Galapagos Hawkmoth, Indefatigable Hawkmoth, Large Tailed Skipper, Ornate Moth, Red Chokeberry
Description
Genus Photinia
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or evergreen
. Winter buds
small; scales
imbricate, few. Leaves alternate, simple
, papery
or leathery, venation
camptodromous
, margin
serrate, rarely entire, shortly petiolate
; stipules present, usually subulate
. Inflorescences terminal
, umbellate
or corymbose
, rarely shortly paniculate
, many flowered, sometimes flowers 2- or 3-clustered or solitary. Hypanthium cupular or campanulate
to cylindric
, adnate
to ovary or free
near apex. Sepals 5, persistent
, short. Petals 5, contorted or imbricate in bud, base
clawed. Stamens usually ca.
20. Carpels 2-5, rarely 1; ovary semi-inferior, (1 or) 2-5-loculed, in fruit free apically or to 1/3 length
; styles(1 or) 2-5, free or ± connate
, short, dilated
apically; stigmas truncate
; ovules 2 per locule, erect
. Fruit a pome, globose
, ovoid
, or ellipsoid
, somewhat fleshy
, (1- or) 2-5-loculed, free from calyx only near apex or to 1/3 length, with persistent, incurved
sepals; carpel crustaceous or membranous, each locule 1- or 2-seeded; seeds erect, testa leathery; cotyledons plano-convex
.
About 60 species: E, S, and SE Asia, also in Mexico; 43 species (32 endemic) in China.
Wu Zhengyi (editor's note
) believes that Pourthiaea is morphologically distinct
from Photinia and should be treated as a separate genus.
Many species of Photinia are ornamental
trees and shrubs with large lustrous
leaves and attractive white flowers in the spring
followed by red fruits in the autumn. The wood
is hard and heavy, suitable for making furniture and other small articles.[1]
Physical Description
ID Features: Alternate leaf arrangement. Suckering habit. Red pome fruit. Twigs pubescent (compare to A. melanocarpa with glabrous. twigs). Buds reddish. Underside of leaves fuzzy and gray (compare to A. melanocarpa with. glabrous surface).
Habit: Deciduous.
Flowers: Many clusters of small, white flowers in early May. Bloom is not overwhelming, but add to the plant's multiseason interest. Flowers last about a week. • Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: near white, white
Seeds: Fruit: Red pome, 0.25" diameter, in flat clusters . Effective from September into December. Birds will eat the fruit, but prefer other fruits first.
Foliage: Summer foliage: Alternate leaves are obovate , 1.5" to 3.5" long and 0.5" to 0.75" wide. Shiny, dark green or medium green on upper surface and fuzzy gray-green on. the underside. Fine, even serrations along leaf margin long the margin. • Fall foliage: One of the best shrubs for brilliant fall color. Intense, shiny, raspberry to crimson, with purplish highlights. Can also. have some orange mixed in, especially in shady sites.
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-8' tall.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: Excellent for fall foliage effect. Multiseasonal (flowers, good summer foliage, fall foliage color,. persistent fruit). Best used in mass plantings or borders . For naturalistic plantings. Useful for bank stabilization, colonization . Could be used more. • Liabilities: Can get all the problems common to the members of Rosaceae, but I. have rarely seen any serious problems. Tends to spread by underground suckering.
Habitat
Found in various conditions from dry hillsides to wet, almost swampy areas.
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,388 meters (0 to 7,835 feet).[2]
Biome: Disturbed areas, urban areas
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 36-48" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Flowering Plants
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Dicotyledons
- Order:
Rosales
(
)
- Family:
Pyraloidea
(
)
- Family:
Pyraloidea
(
- Order:
Rosales
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
- Aronia arbutifolia var. glabra Elliott
- Mespilus arbutifolia L.
- Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. F.
- Pyrus arbutifolia var. glabra Cronquist
- Sorbus arbutifolia (L.) Heynh.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: .
Place of publication
: Syst. Bot. 16:391. 1991
Name verified on 12-Sep-2003 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Dec-2003
Similar Species
Members of the genus Photinia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 232 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. amphidora var. amphileia · P. amphidoxa · P. anlungensis · P. arbutifolia · P. arbutifolia var. arbutifolia · P. arbutifolia var. cerina · P. arbutifolia var. macrocarpa · P. ardisifolia · P. arguta · P. arguta var. arguta · P. arguta var. hookeri · P. arguta var. salicifolia · P. arguta var. sinensis · P. arguta var. villosa · P. beauverdiana (Photinia) · P. beauverdiana Schneid. var. notabilis (Schneid.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson · P. beauverdiana var. beauverdiana · P. beauverdiana var. brevifolia · P. beawerdiana · P. beckii · P. bengalensis · P. benthamiana · P. benthamiana var. benthamiana · P. benthamiana var. glabrescens · P. benthamiana var. obovata · P. benthamiana var. salicifolia · P. berberidifolia · P. bergerae · P. birmanensis · P. blinii · P. blumei · P. bodinieri · P. bodinieri var. bodinieri · P. bodinieri var. longifolia · P. brandisii · P. 'Branpara' · P. calleryana · P. calleryana var. laosensis · P. callosa · P. chihsiniana · P. chingiana · P. chingiana var. chingiana · P. chingiana var. lipingensis · P. chingshuiensis · P. cotoneaster · P. crassifolia · P. crenato-serrata · P. cucphuongensis · P. cuspidata · P. davidiana (Chinese Photinia) · P. davidiana 'Palette' (Chinese Photinia) · P. davidiana var. formosana · P. davidiana var. salicifolia · P. davidiana var. undulata · P. davidiana var. undulata 'Fructu Luteo' · P. davidiana var. undulata 'Prostrata' · P. dentata · P. dubia · P. dulongensis · P. elliptica · P. eugenifolia · P. floribunda (Purple Chokeberry) · P. fokienensis · P. foliolosa · P. formosana · P. fraseri (Fraser's Photinia) · P. glabra (Japanese Photinia) · P. glabra 'Parfait' · P. glabra 'Pink Lady' · P. glabra 'Rubens' · P. glabra var. macrophylla · P. glabra var. minutula · P. glabra 'Variegata' · P. glomerata · P. guerreris · P. harmandii · P. havilandii · P. hirsuta · P. hirsuta var. hirsuta · P. hirsuta var. lobulata · P. impressivena · P. impressivena var. impressivena · P. impressivena var. urceolocarpa · P. integerrima · P. integrifolia · P. integrifolia var. dasythyrsa · P. integrifolia var. flavidiflora · P. integrifolia var. integrifolia · P. integrifolia var. oblongifolia · P. integrifolia var. subdenticulata · P. integrifolia var. sublanceolata · P. japonica · P. komarovii · P. koreana · P. kwangsiensis · P. lancifolia · P. lancilimbum · P. lanuginosa · P. lasiogyna · P. lasiogyna Hangzhou 11818
More Info
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Further Reading
- Bolton, Barry (1995): A new general catalogue of the ants of the world, Harvard University Press, London
- Judd, Campbell, Kellog and Donoghue: Plant Systematics, a phylogenetic approach
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. and Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- Robertson, K. R. et al. 1991. A synopsis of genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 16:376–394. [accepts].
- Steyskal, G. C. 1981 Six new North American species of Melanagromyza Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae). J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 70: 36-43.
- Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
Notes
Contributors
- African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Barneby RC & Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
- Barneby RC & Grimes JW (Monograph 1996/97), 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
- Barneby RC and Forero E, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
- Behnke Nurseries, Potomac MD USA
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 21, 2007.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
- Carr, Gerald
- Chappill J, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
- Computer Aided Identification of Phlebotomine sandflies of AmericasJan 2, 1997.
- Cristofolini G, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
- Fantz PR, 1999 (from ILDIS).
- Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
- Fortunato RH, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
- Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
- Heyn CC and Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
- Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
- Hopkins HF, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
- ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
- ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
- IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
- IOPI-GPC
- LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index
- Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
- Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
- Marlin, Bruce. CirrusImage.com.
- Newell CA, 1997 (from ILDIS).
- Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
- Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
- Ohashi H & Tateishi Y, 1996 (from ILDIS).
- Opler, Paul A., Harry Pavulaan, Ray E. Stanford, Michael Pogue, coordinators. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Bozeman, MT: Mountain Prairie Information Node. March 26, 2007.
- Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
- Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
- Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
- Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
- Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
- Rhytismatales database 2006.
- Ross JH, 2001-01 (from ILDIS).
- Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
- Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
- Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
- The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- The Virtual Field Herbarium.
- Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
- van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
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- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
- Zarucchi JL, 1993 (from ILDIS).
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 30, 2008:
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
- GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2676514
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-570394
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:962566-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 409392
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 576133
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: IILEY76010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SOAR8
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 22739
Footnotes
- Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Photinia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 121. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 128.560 meters (421.785 feet), Standard Deviation = 223.650 based on 5,949 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
