Description
Family Annonaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, rarely woody vines
, deciduous or evergreen
, with aromatic
bark
, leaves, and flowers. Pith
septate
to diaphragmed
. Leaves alternate, simple
, without stipules, petiolate
. Leaf blade
pinnately veined, unlobed, margins
entire. Inflorescences axillary
to leaf scars
on old wood
or to leaves on new shoots
, solitary flowers or few-flowered fascicles, pedunculate
; bracts or bracteoles present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
; receptacle becoming enlarged, elevated
or flat; perianth hypogynous, segments valvate
or imbricate; sepals persistent
, (2-) 3(-4), distinct
or basally connate
; petals either 6 in 2 unequal whorls of 3 with petals of outer whorl larger, petals of inner whorl fleshier than the outer, often with corrugate nectary
zone, or petals 6-12(-15), nearly equal or unequal, veins impressed
on inner face
; stamens 10-20 or very numerous
, hypogynous, spirally arranged
, forming ball
or flat-topped mass; filament
short, stout; anther
linear
to oblong-linear, extrorse
, longitudinally dehiscent
; connective
apically elongate
, connivent; pistils 1-many, superior, 1-carpellate, 1-locular, distinct or connate to various degrees
with at least stigmas distinct; placentation marginal
, placenta 1; ovules 1-many per pistil; style short, thick; stigma terminal
. Fruits berries
, distinct, 1-8(-12) per flower, or coalescent
, forming syncarps, 1 per flower. Seeds 1-many per pistil, arillate
; endosperm ruminate
, oily.
Genera ca.
128, species ca. 2300 (3 genera, 12 sp: mostly circumtropical
.
The family
has particular importance in the tropics because of the edible syncarps of some species of Annona ; in the eastern United
States the fruit of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) was once much gathered and appreciated. Programs in breeding from selected stock of Asimina have been undertaken (G. A. Zimmerman 1941).
Currently, the Pawpaw Foundation is intensively researching means to develop commercially marketable fruits. Recent studies of the chemical properties of Asimina reveal its pesticidal possibilities, and its potential as an anticancer agent (E. M.
Norman, pers. comm.
) The warm-climate genera Cananga, Rollinia, and Artabotrys have been used as ornamentals
.[1]
Genus Polyalthia
Trees
or shrubs
, glabrous
or with simple
hairs
. Flowers mostly bisexual
, solitary or in 2-many flowered cymes or fascicles, extra-axillary
, axillary
or leaf-opposed, occasionally on the trunk
. Sepals 3, valvate
or slightly imbricate. Petals 6, biseriate
, valvate, subequal
, often quite large and showy. Stamens mostly numerous
, filament
very short, cuneiform, connective-tip expanded, truncate
or slightly convex
. Carpels few to numerous, free
, oblong
, 1-5 basal or superposed
ovules, stigma ± sessile, rectangular, globose
or irregularly shaped. Monocarps
few to many, indehiscent, ellipsoid
, ovoid
or subglobose, stipitate
or subsessile
, 1-5-seeded.
A genus of c.
120 species, distributed mainly in South and Southeast Asia, and tropical
Africa. Represented by 1 cultivated species in Pakistan.[2]
Habitat
Ecology: Occurring in lowland forest below 100 m. [3]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
)
- Novák Ex Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Annonales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Annonaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Custard-apple family
- Subfamily:
Annonoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Annoneae
(
)
- Genus:
Polyalthia
(
)
- Blume, Fl. Javae, Anonac. 68. 1830.
- Specific epithet:
angustissima
- Ridl.
- Botanical name: - Polyalthia angustissima Ridl.
- Specific epithet:
angustissima
- Ridl.
- Genus:
Polyalthia
(
- Tribe:
Annoneae
(
- Subfamily:
Annonoideae
(
- Family:
Annonaceae
(
- Order:
Annonales
(
- Superorder:
Magnolianae
(
- Subclass:
Magnoliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Ridl. Publication : in Journ. As. Soc. Straits liv. 11 (1910)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Polyalthia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 202 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. affinis · P. amicorum · P. amoena · P. amygdalina · P. andamanica · P. angustielliptica · P. angustifolia · P. angustissima · P. anomala · P. asteriella · P. australis · P. barnesii · P. beccarii · P. bembau · P. bifaria · P. borneensis · P. brevipedunculata · P. brunneifolia · P. bullata · P. canangioides · P. capillata · P. capuronii · P. castanea · P. cauliflora · P. cauliflora var. beccarii · P. cauliflora var. cauliflora · P. cauliflora var. desmantha · P. cauliflora var. wrayi · P. celebica · P. cerasoides · P. chaneyi · P. chapelieri · P. chinensis · P. chlorantha · P. chloroxantha · P. chrysotricha · P. clavigera · P. clemensorum · P. coffeoides · P. congesta · P. corticosa · P. craibii · P. crassa · P. cratiensis · P. crinita · P. cumingiana · P. curtisii · P. debilis · P. decora · P. desmantha · P. dielsii · P. discolor · P. dumosa · P. elegans · P. elliptica · P. elmeri · P. elongata · P. emarginata · P. endertii · P. erecta (Nom-Noi) · P. evecta · P. flagellaris · P. flava · P. florulenta · P. forbesii · P. fragrans · P. ghesquiereana · P. glabra · P. glandulosa · P. glauca · P. gracilipes · P. gracilis · P. greveana · P. habrotricha · P. harmandii · P. henrici · P. henricii · P. heteropetala · P. hirta · P. hirtifolia · P. hookeriana · P. humbertii · P. hypogaea · P. hypoleuca · P. igniflora · P. insignis · P. jenkensii · P. kanchanaburiana · P. keraudrenii · P. kingii · P. korinti · P. korintii · P. kunstleri · P. laddiana · P. lamii · P. lancilimba · P. lateriflora · P. lateriflora var. elongata · P. lateriflora var. lateriflora · P. lateriflora var. macrophylla
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Chua, L. et al. 1997. Completed data collection forms for endemic trees of Peninsular Malaysia.
- Loc, Phan Ke. 1986. Lists of rare and endangered plant species of Vietnam (1986-1988) (unpublished).
- Ng, P.K.L. and Wee, Y.C. (eds) 1994. The Singapore Red Data Book. The Nature Society, Singapore.
- Said, I.M. and Rozainah, Z. 1992. An updated list of wetland plant species of Peninsular Malaysia, with particular reference to those having socio-economic value. Asian Wetland Bureau.
- Fries, R. E. 1939. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 12(3): 289-577.
- Fries, R. E. 1931. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 10: 1-341.
- Fries, R. E. 1934. Revision der Arten einiger Annonaceen-Gattungen. Acta Horti Berg. 12(1): 1-220.
- Hutchinson, J. 1923. Contributions toward a phylogenetic classification of flowering plants. II. The genera of Annonaceae. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 241-261.
- Kral, R. 1960. A revision of Asimina and Deeringothamnus (Annonaceae). Brittonia 12(4): 233-278.
- Rusby, H. H. 1935. The custard-apple family in Florida. J. New York Bot. Gard. 36: 233-239.
Notes
Contributors
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7142030
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:74497-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 74497-1
- IUCN ID: 31829
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1020376
Footnotes
- Robert Kral "Annonaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Polyalthia". in Flora of Pakistan Page 6. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
