Polygonum convolvulus (Black Bindweed)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Black Bindweed, Black-Bindweed, Climbing Buckwheat, Climbing Knotweed, Cornbind, Dullseed Cornbind, False Buckwheat, Pink Smartweed, Wild Buckwheat

Common Names in Romanian:

Hrişcă Urcătoare

Description

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Family Polygonaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or small trees , sometimes monoecious or dioecious. Stems erect , prostrate , twining , or scandent , often with swollen nodes, striate , grooved , or prickly. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , petiolate or subsessile ; stipules often united to a sheath (ocrea) . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , spicate , racemose, paniculate , or capitate. Pedicel occasionally articulate . Flowers small, actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual . Perianth 3-6-merous, in 1 or 2 series, herbaceous, often enlarged in fruit or inner tepals enlarged, with wings , tubercles , or spines. Stamens usually (3-) 6-9, rarely more; filaments free or united at base ; anthers 2-loculed, opening lengthwise; disk annular (often lobed ) . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; styles 2 or 3, rarely 4, free or connate at lower part. Fruit a trigonous , biconvex , or biconcave achene; seed with straight or curved embryo and copious endosperm.

About 50 genera and 1120 species: worldwide, but primarily N temperate with a few species in tropical regions ; 13 genera (two endemic) and 238 species (65 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Polygonum

Herbs, shrubs , or subshrubs , annual (perennial in P. striatulum), homophyllous or heterophyllous , sometimes heterocarpic; roots fibrous or woody. Stems prostrate to erect , glabrous , smooth or sometimes papillous-scabridulous. Leaves cauline, alternate (opposite in P. humifusum), petiolate or sessile; ocrea with distal part persistent , often hyaline , white or silvery, 2-lobed, chartaceous , glabrous, disintegrating into fibers, or disintegrating completely; petiole base articulated with ocrea or not; blade linear , lanceolate, elliptic , ovate , or subround, margins entire. Inflorescences axillary or axillary and terminal , spikelike, or flowers solitary; peduncle absent. Pedicels present or absent. Flowers bisexual , 1-7(-10) per ocreate fascicle, base not stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white or greenish white to pink, campanulate to urceolate , glabrous; tepals 5, connate 3-70% of their length , petaloid or sepaloid , monomorphic or, rarely, dimorphic , the inner usually flat, the outer flat or sometimes keeled and cucullate distally, sometimes of different length than the inner; stamens 3-8 (some may be reduced to staminodes) ; filaments distinct , free or adnate to perianth tube, glabrous; anthers whitish yellow, pink to purple or orange-pink, elliptic to oblong ; styles (2-) 3, mostly spreading , distinct or connate proximally; stigmas 2-3, capitate. Achenes included or exserted, yellow-green, brown, or black, unwinged, (2-) 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo curved . x = 10.

Species ca. 65: nearly worldwide.

Two sections of Polygonum are recognized here. Section Polygonum is nearly cosmopolitan and best represented in north-temperate regions; sect. Duravia comprises species restricted to North America. K . Haraldson (1978) recognized both sections based on differences in stem morphology, petiole structure, and pollen morphology. J. C. Hickman (1984) described sect. Monticola and included in it species of sect. Duravia occurring mostly in montane habitats , with leaves articulated to the ocreae, one-veined, and not mucronate , proximal leaves lanceolate to round , and styles connate at their bases and neither hardened nor persistent. L.-P. Ronse Decraene and J. R. Akeroyd (1988) and L.-P. Ronse Decraene et al. (2000) included sect. Duravia in sect. Polygonum based on floral and fruit characters.

Similarities in floral structure, fruit anatomy, and pollen morphology have been noted between Polygonella with Polygonum (L.-P. Ronse Decraene et al. 2000). Based on evidence from comparative morphological studies, Ronse Decraene et al. (2004) included Polygonella in sect. Duravia of Polygonum.

Four introduced taxa of sect. Polygonum that were collected in the flora area at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century appear not to have persisted here and are not included in the keys . Polygonum arenarium Waldstein & Kitaibel and P. bellardii Allioni were reported by B . L. Robinson (1902) from Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively. The former resembles P. patulum but has open flowers. Polygonum bellardii is discussed below under P. ramosissimum. Polygonum polycnemoides Jaubert & Spach and P. humifusum C. Merck ex K. Koch subsp. humifusum were reported by J. F. Brenckle (1941). The former was collected in New York City in 1894 and in Idaho in 1940. It differs from all other Polygonum species in having a tube 55-70% of the perianth length. Polygonum humifusum subsp. humifusum is discussed below under P. humifusum subsp. caurianum.[2]

Physical Description

Habit: Vine , Forb/herb

Flowers: Flower Color: near white, pale green, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Caryophyllidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Polygonanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Caryophyllales () - Perleb, 1826
        Family: Polygonaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - knotweed, renouées
        Subfamily: Polygonoideae ()
        Tribe: Polygoneae ()
        Genus: Polygonum () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Knotweed [Greek poly, many, and gony, knee joint (traditional interpretation), or gone, seed (grammatically correct interpretation)]
        Specific epithet: convolvulus - L. - Bindweed
        Botanical name: - Polygonum convolvulus L.

Synonyms

Bilderdykia Convolvulus • Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort. • Fagopyrum Convolvulus • Fagopyrum convolvulus (L.) H. Gross • Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Holub • Fallopia convolvulus< /i> (L.) Á. Löve • Helxine convolvulus (L.) Raf. • Reynoutria convolvulus (L.) Shinners

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Polygonum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 134 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Utah Valley State College
, Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2646998
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-20853
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14661164
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:695590-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 29247
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20853
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 311315-2
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: POCOS
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 57538

Footnotes

Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba & Chong-wook Park "Polygonaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 277. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mihai Costea, François J. Tardif, Harold R. Hinds "Polygonum". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 213.530 meters (700.558 feet), Standard Deviation = 265.430 based on 6,588 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Polygonum convolvulus

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Polygonaceae

Genus Polygonum

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Polygonum

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes