Overview
Tree from Brazil with purplish-red fruit about 2.5 cm in diameter, with white pulp, eaten raw or made into jam or jellies, tasting somewhat like strawberries. Another variety has larger, yellow fruits.
Interesting Facts
- Psidium cattleianum is an invasive species that displaces native vegetation. It has had a devastating effect on native habitats in Mauritius, and is considered as one of the worst plant pests in Hawaii.
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Afrikaans:
Aarbei Koejawel
Common Names in English:
Cattley Guava, Cherry Guava, Chinese Guava, Kuahpa, Purple Guava, Sabine, Strawberry Guava
Common Names in French:
Goyavier De Cattley, Goyavier-Fraise
Common Names in German:
Cattley Guava
Common Names in Portuguese:
Araçá-Da-Praia, Araçá-De-Comer, Araçá-De-Coroa, Araçá-Do-Campo, Araçá-Do-Mato, Araça, Araça Amarelo, Araca Da Praia, Araca De Coroa, Araca Vermelho
Common Names in Spanish:
Cas Dulce, Guayaba, Guayaba De Fresa, Guayaba Japonesa, Guayaba Perúana
Description
Family Myrtaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, evergreen
, usually with essential oils-containing cavities in foliage
, branchlets
, and flowers. Stipules absent or small and caducous
. Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, occasionally ternate
or pseudo-whorled; leaf blade
with secondary veins pinnate or basal, often with intramarginal veins
near margin
, margin usually entire
. Inflorescences axillary
or terminal
, cymose
but variously arranged, 1- to many-flowered. Flowers bisexual
, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic
. Hypanthium usually adnate
to ovary and prolonged above it. Calyx lobes
(3 or) 4 or 5 or more, distinct
or connate
into a calyptra. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent, distinct or connate into a calyptra, sometimes coherent and pseudocalyptrate. Stamens usually numerous
, in 1 to several whorls; filaments
distinct or connate into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers
2-celled, dorsifixed
or basifixed
, dehiscing longitudinally or rarely terminally; connectives
usually terminating in 1 or more apical glands
. Ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or very rarely superior, carpels 2 to more, locules 1 to many, pseudoseptum sometimes present, placentation usually axile
but occasionally parietal
; ovules 1 to several per locule. Style
single; stigma single. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupaceous
berry, or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds without endosperm or endosperm sparse and thin; testa cartilaginous
or thinly membranous, sometimes absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 130 genera and 4500-5000 species: Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, tropical
and temperate
Asia, Australia, Pacific islands, tropical and South America; 10 genera (five introduced
) and 121 species (50 endemic, 32 introduced treated here) in China.
Many Myrtaceae are cultivated garden ornamentals
, street trees, or plantation trees. Some members
of tribe
Syzygieae are grown as fruit crops. In addition to the cultivated members of the family
treated here, some others grown in China include Acca sellowiana (O. Berg
) Burrett (Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg), Myrtus communis Linnaeus, and Syncarpia glomulifera (Smith) Niedenzu.Jie Chen & Lyn A. Craven "Myrtaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 321. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Psidium
Shrubs
or small trees
. Bark
gray, smooth
. Branchlets
pubescent
. Leaves opposite, petiolate
; leaf blade
pinnately veined. Flowers axillary
, large, usually 1 or 2 per axil. Bracts 2. Hypanthium campanulate
or urceolate
. Calyx lobes
4 or 5, unequal. Petals 4 or 5, white. Stamens many, separate, in many whorls; anthers
ellipsoid
, basifixed
, locules parallel, longitudinally dehiscent
. Ovary inferior, adnate
to hypanthium, 4- or 5-loculed or more; ovules numerous
. Style
linear
; stigma expanded. Berry globose
to pyriform
, fleshy
, many-seeded, apex with persistent
calyx lobes; placenta well developed, fleshy. Seed coat
hard; embryo curved
; hypocotyl long; cotyledons short.
About 150 species: tropical
America; two species commonly cultivated in China with one naturalized
."Psidium". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 321, 331. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Species Psidium cattleianum
Evergreen shrub or small tree up to 8 m (25 ft ) tall. Mature branches are gray to reddish-brown with peeling bark and young branches are round and pubescent . Leaves are opposite, simple , entire , glabrous , elliptic to oblong , to 8 cm (3 in) long. Flowers to 2.5 cm (1.2 in) wide, born singly at leaf axils , with white petals and numerous white and yellow stamens. Fruit is a globose berry, 3-6 cm (1.2-2.4 in) long, purple-red, with whitish flesh, usually sweet-tasting when ripe ; seeds are numerous.
Habit: Tree , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 15-20' tall.
Habitat
Biome: Agricultural areas, coastland, disturbed areas, natural forest , planted forests, range/grasslands, riparian zones, scrub/shrublands, urban areas, wetlands
Ecology: Psidium cattleianum is a very serious, habitat-altering pest that poses a major threat to rare endemic flora and fauna . It forms shade-casting thickets with dense mats of surface feeder roots that make it difficult for other species to coexist. Characteristics that promote strawberry guava's success as an invader include its prolific fruiting and aggressive vegetative growth , its tolerance of shade and heavy leaf litter , and possibly through production of toxic chemicals in its leaves that prevent the growth of other plant species.
Biology
Reproduction
Regeneration of strawberry guava is by seed and by root sprouts, which allow it to undergo expansive vegetative reproduction. Strawberry guava produces an abundance of fruits, the seeds of which are dispersed by birds and mammals. Strawberry guava is a prolific fruiter, with up to 70 seeds per fruit, though most fruits contain a lower number of seeds. Fruiting is more abundant for stems on the edge of the thickets.
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 15-20' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Myrtanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Myrtales
(
)
- Reichenbach, 1828
- Suborder:
Myrtineae
(
)
-
- Family:
Myrtaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Myrtle Family
- Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Amygdaleae
(
)
- Genus:
Psidium
(
)
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753.
- Guava
- Specific epithet:
cattleianum
- Sabine
- Botanical name: - Psidium cattleianum Sabine
- Specific epithet:
cattleianum
- Sabine
- Genus:
Psidium
(
- Tribe:
Amygdaleae
(
- Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
(
- Family:
Myrtaceae
(
- Suborder:
Myrtineae
(
- Order:
Myrtales
(
- Superorder:
Myrtanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Guajava cattleiana (Sabine) Kuntze
- Psidium cattleianum Sabine
Notes
Place of publication
: Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4:317, t. 11. 1821 May-Jun
Name
verified on 07-Nov-2002 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-Nov-2002
Similar Species
Members of the genus Psidium
There are approximately 497 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. acidum · P. acranthum · P. acre · P. acunae · P. acutangulam · P. acutangulum · P. acutangulum var. acidum · P. acutangulum var. crassirame · P. acutangulum var. oblongata · P. acutangulum var. tenuirame · P. adamantium · P. aerugineum · P. aerugineum var. angustifolium · P. affine · P. alatum · P. albescens · P. albidum · P. amplexicaule (Mountain Guava) · P. amygdalinum · P. anceps · P. androsianum · P. anglohondurense · P. angustifolium · P. anthomega · P. apaense · P. apiculatum · P. apodanthum · P. appendiculatum · P. apricum · P. apysa · P. aquaticum · P. aquaticum var. triflorum · P. aquaticum var. uniflorum · P. araca · P. araca var. sampaionis · P. araneosum · P. arasa-hu · P. arasa-pe · P. arasope-mi · P. arayan · P. arboreum · P. argenteum · P. argenteum var. angustifolium · P. argenteum var. grandifolium · P. argenteum var. pumilum · P. argenteum var. purpureum · P. argentum · P. aromaticum · P. aromaticum var. grandiflorum · P. australe · P. australe var. argenteum · P. australe var. suffruticosum · P. bahorucanum · P. balium · P. barbosianum · P. basanthum · P. benthamianum · P. bergianum · P. berteroana · P. berteroanum · P. biloculare · P. blanchetianum · P. brasiliensis · P. brevifolium · P. brownianum · P. bullatum · P. buxifolium · P. cacuminis · P. calyptranthoides (Luquillo Mountain Guava) · P. campestre · P. campicolum · P. campomanisioides · P. caninum · P. canum · P. capibaryense · P. catleyanum · P. cattleianum (Cattley Guava) · P. cattleianum f. lucidum · P. cattleianum lucidum (Kuawa-Lemi) · P. cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Sabine · P. cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg · P. cattleyanum · P. cattleyanum var. coriacea · P. cattleyanum var. littorale · P. cattleyanum var. pyriformis · P. caudatum · P. celastroides · P. cerasoides · P. chiapasense · P. chiapense · P. chinense · P. chodatianum · P. chrysobalanoides · P. chrysophyllum · P. ciliatum · P. ciliatum var. sensu · P. cinereum · P. cinereum var. angustifolium · P. cinereum var. brevipes · P. cinereum var. grandifolium
Bibliography
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13) ["cattleyanum"].
- Erhardt, Walter; E. G and ouml;tz, N. B and ouml;deker, S. Seybold (2000): Zander - Handw and ouml;rtebuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Aufl.
- Fosberg, F. R. 1962. Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 23:37.
- Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
- Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard) [= P. littorale var. littorale].
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
- Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
- Kunkel, G. 1984. Plants for human consumption. (L Edible Pl)
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3) [= P. littorale var. longipes (O. Berg) Fosb.].
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
- McVaugh, R. 1969. The botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VIII. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 18:251.
- Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk, (PIER, 2002)
- Reitz, R., ed. 1965–. Flora ilustrada catarinense. (F SCatarin)
- Schroeder, C. A. 1946. J. Arnold Arbor. 27:314.
- St. John, H. 1973. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. (L Hawaii)
- Chang Hung-ta & Miau Ru-hwai. 1984. Myrtaceae. In: Chen Chieh, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 28-135.
- Chang Hung-ta & Miau Ru-hwai. 1984. Myrtaceae. In: Chen Chieh, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 28-135.
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Notes
Contributors
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2651185
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15648812
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:600759-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 30200
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 27239
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PSLI3
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 17542
