Rhinanthus minor

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.[1]

Genus Rhinanthus

Herbs, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite. Racemes terminal . Calyx 4-lobed, upper side parted to ca. 1/2 length , other lobes shallow. Corolla 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip galeate, extending into a short 2-lobed beak . Stamens 4, enclosed by galea; anthers connivent, locules transversely divergent, spurless, barbate along slit after dehiscence. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds several per locule, broadly winged .

About 50 species: North America, N Asia, Europe; one species in China.

Depending on the author , the number of species varies greatly in this genus.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,716 meters (0 to 8,911 feet).[3]

Biology

Diet

[Migration]

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000.

Name verified on 21-Sep-2000 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Rhinanthus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 228 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

R. acuminatus · R. adriaticus · R. adulterinus · R. aestivalis · R. alectorolophus (European Yellowrattle) · R. alectorolophus aschersonianus · R. alectorolophus subsp. aschersonianus · R. alectorolophus subsp. freynii · R. alectorolophus var. bornmuelleri · R. alectorolophus var. wallrothii · R. alpestris · R. alpinus · R. alpinus carinthiacus · R. alpinus var. carpaticus · R. angustifolius · R. angustifolius grandiflorus · R. angustifolius halophilus · R. angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus · R. angustifolius subsp. halophilus · R. angustifolius var. aestivalis · R. angustifolius var. arenarius · R. angustifolius var. bosniacus · R. angustifolius var. lykae · R. angustifolius var. polycladus · R. antiquus · R. apenninus · R. apterus · R. apuanus · R. aristatus · R. aristatus f. gracilis · R. aristatus f. simplex · R. arvenensis · R. arvernensis · R. aschersonianus · R. asperulus · R. asperulus var. rohlenae · R. behrendsenii · R. beyeri · R. bicolor · R. bifidus · R. bipinnatifidus · R. borbasii · R. borbasii songaricus · R. borbasii var. rapaicsianus · R. borealis · R. borealis kyrollae · R. borealis kyrolliae · R. bosnensis · R. bosnensis var. siculorum · R. brigantiacus · R. buccalis · R. burnatii · R. calcareus · R. capensis · R. carinthiacus · R. chabertii · R. coccineus · R. colchicus · R. columnae · R. contrinensis · R. cretaceus · R. creticus · R. crista-galli · R. crista-galli var. drummond-hayi · R. cristagalli · R. cristatus · R. crus-galli · R. deminutus · R. dinaricus · R. drummond-hayi · R. elatior · R. elatus · R. elephas · R. ellipticus · R. facchinii · R. ferganensis · R. freynii · R. freynii var. croaticus · R. freynii var. sterneckii · R. gardineri · R. glaber · R. glacialis · R. glacialis gracilis · R. glacialis humilis · R. glacialis lanceolatus · R. glacialis simplex · R. glacialis subsp. aristatus · R. glacialis subsp. gracilis · R. glacialis subsp. humilis · R. glacialis subsp. lanceolatus · R. glacialis subsp. simplex · R. glacialis subsp. subalpinus · R. glauca · R. goniotrichus · R. gracilis · R. gracilis stojanovii · R. grandiflorus · R. groenlandicus · R. halophilus · R. hayekii

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Further Reading

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• Ueber die Flora von Wrttemberg / von Hugo v. Mohl. [Stuttgart: Verein fr Vaterlñdische Naturkunde in Wrttemberg], 1845. GER url p. 103.
• Untersuchungen aus dem Botanischen Institut zu Tbingen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1881-1888. GER url p. 169.
• Växtgeografisk skildring af Södra Halland / af G. R. A. Theorin. Lund: Tryckt uti Berlingska Boktr., 1865. SWE url p. 8.
• Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft = Actes de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles = Atti della Società Elevetica di Scienze Naturali. Fribourg MUL url p. 286.
• Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich: Fäsi and Beer, GER url p. 295, p. 51.
• Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 118, p. 142.
• Zeitschrift fr wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und fr mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 142.
• Zur Flora der Umgebung Lembergs / von A. Tomaschek. [Wien: s.n., 1859-1862] GER url p. 72.
• Zur Kenntnis des Pflanzenlebens schwedischer Laubwiesen. Eine physiologisch-biologische und pflanzengeographische Studie. Jena, Fischer, 1904. GER url p. 330, p. 354.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2668983
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-504749
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13851820
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:808800-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 417257
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504749
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RHMIM
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 56830

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Rhinanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 96. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 174.140 meters (571.325 feet), Standard Deviation = 253.330 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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