Sabal causiarum

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Sabal

Plants dwarf , moderate, or tall, usually robust . Stems solitary, aerial or subterranean , covered with leaf bases or clean, obscurely [strongly] ringed, becoming striate or smooth with age. Leaves few to many; sheath fibers soft; petiole split at base, completely unarmed ; adaxial hastula well -developed, obtuse to acuminate-triangular; costa present; blade weakly to strongly costapalmate ; plication induplicate ; segments lanceolate, basally connate to connate for 2 1/2 length [or in groups of 2 or 3 segments connate for nearly entire length], often bearing thread-like fibers between segments; apices acute or 2-cleft, stiff or lax . Inflorescences axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate , erect or arching beyond leaves [shorter than leaves], with 2 or 3[--4] orders of branching; peduncular bracts 2--5, tightly clasping , inconspicuous; rachillae glabrous . Flowers bisexual , borne singly along rachillae, sessile, creamy white, fragrant; perianth 2-seriate; calyx cupulate ; 3-lobed; petals 3, imbricate, elliptic , obovate or spatulate , alternate with outer whorl of stamens [basally connate], basally adnate to filaments ; stamens 6 in 2 whorls; filaments narrowly triangular, basally connate; anthers dorsifixed , versatile; pistils 1, 1-carpellate, glabrous; nectaries 3, septal; ovules 3, but usually only one develops into seed; stigma minutely 3-lobed, papillose . Fruits drupes, berrylike, spheroid [oblate or pyriform ] or lobed when more than 1 seed develops; exocarp black; mesocarp blackish, dry to fleshy ; endocarp brown, membranaceous . Seeds 1--3, oblate, glossy; endosperm bony, homogeneous ; embryo nearly apical, lateral or nearly lateral; eophyll undivided, linear-lanceolate. nx = 18.

Species 16: North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.

Sabal flowers are bisexual and are pollinated mostly by native bees, especially of the families Halictidae and Megachilidae (S. Zona 1987, 1990), European honeybee, and wasps (Vespidae; P. F. Ramp 1989). Fruits are eagerly sought by both mammals (bears, deer, raccoons) and birds (S. Zona and A. Henderson 1989). Sabal minor, perhaps more than other species, is also dispersed by water (P. F. Ramp 1989; S. Zona 1990).Inodes O. F. Cook "Sabal". in Flora of North America Vol. 22 Page 107. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 10-12' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Inodes causiarum O. F. Cook
2. Sabal causiarum (O. F. Cook) Becc.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Webbia 2:71. 1907

Name verified on 07-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 22-May-1997

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sabal

There are approximately 100 species in this genus:

S. 'Birmingham' (Cabbage Palm) · S. 'Riverside' (Cabbage Palm) · S. acaulis · S. adamsonii · S. adansonii var. megacarpa · S. adiantinum · S. allenii · S. bahamensis · S. beccariana · S. bermudana (Bermuda Fan Palm) · S. blackburiana · S. blackburnia (Blackburn Palmetto Palm) · S. blackburniana · S. blackburnianum · S. campbelli · S. carolinianum · S. causiarum (Puerto Rican Hat Palm) · S. chinensis · S. coerulescens · S. columnare · S. deeringianum · S. domingensis (Hispaniolan Palmetto) · S. dugesii · S. elatum · S. etonia (Palm) · S. extonianum · S. floribunda · S. florida · S. ghiesbrechtii · S. giganteum · S. glauca · S. glaucescens · S. graminifolium · S. grayana · S. gretherae · S. gretheriae · S. guatemalensis · S. haitensis · S. havanensis · S. histrix · S. hoogendorpii · S. imperialis · S. jamaicensis · S. jamesianum · S. japa · S. javanica · S. lamanonis · S. longepedunculata · S. longifolia · S. longipedunculata · S. lousiana · S. magdalenae · S. major · S. maritima (Cuban Palmetto) · S. mauritiiforme · S. mauritiiformis · S. mayarum · S. megacarpa · S. mexicana (Oaxacan Palmetto) · S. mexicanum · S. miamensis · S. minima · S. minimum · S. minor (Blue Palm) · S. minor 'Mccurtain' (Blue Palm) · S. minor var. louisiana (Blue Palm) · S. minus · S. miocenica · S. mocinii · S. morrisiana · S. neglecta · S. nematoclada · S. oleraceum · S. palmeto · S. palmetto (Cabbage Palm) · S. palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f. var. bahamensis Becc. · S. parviflora · S. parvifolia · S. peregrina · S. powelli · S. princeps · S. pumila · S. pumos · S. questeliana · S. rosei · S. schwarzii · S. serrulata · S. serrulata var. minima · S. serrulatum · S. speciosa · S. spp · S. taurinum · S. umbraculifera · S. umbraculiferum · S. uresana (Sonoran Palmetto) · S. uresana var. roseana · S. viatoris · S. woodfordii · S. yapa · S. yucatanica

Bibliography

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. 2005. Monocotyledons and gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52:149.
• Carpenter, W.J. 1989. Influence of Temperature on Germination of Sabal causiarum Seed. Principes. 33, 4
• Glassman, S. F. 1972. Revis. Index Amer. Palms.
• Howard, R. 1974–1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles. (F LAnt)
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
• Kraus, Fred. 3/19/92, 1992. Information on CPC species of interest. Letter sent to Peggy Olwell, Center for Plant Conservation, St. Louis, MO on 3/19/92. Letter to Olwell, P.
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. (F PR)
• Little, E. L., Jr. et al. 1964–1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. (Trees PR)
• Moore, H. E., Jr. 1963. An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. Principes 7:164.
• Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
• Tucker, C.M. 1927. Sabal causarium (Cook) Beccari: A new host of the coconut bud-rot fungus. Journal of Agricultural Research. 34, 9: 879-888.
• Lockett, L. 1991. Native Texas palms north of the lower Rio Grande Valley: Recent discoveries. Principes 35: 64--71.
• Simpson, B. J. 1988. A Field Guide to Texas Trees. Austin.
• Zona, S. 1990. A monograph of Sabal (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae). Aliso 12: 583--666.

More Info

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
• Center for Plant Conservation Plant Profile for Sabal causiarum. Accessed January 15, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669128
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-181019
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 292311
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:669680-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 103089
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 504925
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SACA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60876

Footnotes

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