Overview
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Vulnerable |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Amaumau, Amaumau Fern, Rasp Fern
Description
Family Blechnaceae
Plants
perennial
, mostly terrestrial
, occasionally on rock or epiphytic. Stems creeping
to suberect or ascending
, sometimes climbing
[rarely arborescent
], slender to stout, dictyostelic, scaly
. Leaves monomorphic
or dimorphic
, large and coarse
, generally greater than 30 cm, often exceeding 1 m.
Petiole
not articulate
, generally more than 2 vascular bundles
arranged in arc, generally scaly at least at base
. Blade
often anthocyanic
(reddish) when young, pinnatifid
[rarely simple
] to pinnate-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate [rarely decompound
], glabrous
or occasionally bearing scales
or capitate glands
. Rachis frequently grooved
adaxially. Veins of sterile
leaves generally free
, rarely anastomosing, veins of fertile
leaves united
to form sorus-bearing secondary vein
parallel to costa or costule
(vascular
commisure), sometimes anastomosing further. Sori elongate
along secondary vein; indusia present [rarely absent], opening along costal side of fertile vein, frequently hidden by dehisced sporangia; sporangial
stalk
of 3 rows
of cells
. Spores monolete, reniform
; perine
present, variously ornamented. Gametophytes green, cordate, sometimes bearing capitate hairs, antheridia and archegonia borne on lower surface.
Genera ca.
10, species ca. 250 (2 genera, 6 species in the flora
) : mostly tropical
and south temperate
(except Woodwardia, which is north temperate) .
Circumscription of genera is controversial, especially as to placement of those species now included
in Blechnum . Characteristics holding the family
together include the anastomoses
of veins along the axes of the blade to form a series of areoles or a single continuous vein along which the sorus is borne, elongate sori with indusia opening toward midvein
, bilateral
spores, and chromosome base numbers
of generally x
= 28--36. Relationships
of the family with both dryopteroid and athyrioid ferns have been suggested.[1]
Physical Description
Habit: Shrub
Flowers: Flower Color: inconspicuous, none
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 36-48" tall.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 4-6' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Moniliformopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, Nom. Nud.
- Class:
Polypodiopsida
()
- Cronquist Et Al.
- Order:
Polypodiales
()
- Link
- Family:
Blechnaceae
()
- (C. Presl, 1851) Copeland, 1947
- Chain Fern Family
- Subfamily:
Spiraeoideae
()
- Subfamily:
Spiraeoideae
(
- Family:
Blechnaceae
(
- Order:
Polypodiales
(
- Class:
Polypodiopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Moniliformopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Sadleria
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 12 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
S. cyatheioides · S. cyatheoides (Amaumau Fern) · S. fauriei · S. pallida (Ama'u) · S. polystichoides · S. rigida · S. soleyetiana · S. souleyetiana (Longleaf Plume Fern) · S. souleytiana · S. squarrosa (Forest Plume Fern) · S. unisora · S. wagneriana
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Bulletin de la Fdration des socits d'horticulture de Belgique. Bruxelles [etc.]1861-1888. FRE url p. 32.
- Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 126, p. 755, p. 943.
- Occasional papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press, 1898-84. ENG url p. 21.
- Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 ENG url p. 523, p. 523.
- Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. [Honolulu: Hawaiian Entomological Society] ENG url p. 208.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644911
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17851
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17851
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17218850
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPBLE03010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SACY3
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60929
Footnotes
- Raymond B. Cranfill "Blechnaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
