Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Dark-Leaved Willow, European Willow, Whortle Willow
Common Names in Italian:
Salcio Di Monte
Description
Family Salicaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or rarely evergreen
, dioecious, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, usually petiolate
, simple
; stipules persistent
or caducous
. Catkins erect
or pendulous; each flower usually with a cupular disc or 1 or 2(or 3) nectariferous
glands
. Male flowers with 2-many stamens; filaments
filiform
, free
or united
; to connate
; anthers
2(or 4) -loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers with 1 pistil, sessile or stipitate
; ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovules several to many, anatropous
, with a 1 integument; style 1, 2 in Chosenia; stigmas 2-4. Capsule dehiscing by 2-4(or 5) valves
; placenta and inside wall of ovary with long hairs
. Seeds 4-numerous, glabrous
; hairs and seeds simultaneously deciduous when capsule matures.
Three genera and about 620 species: mainly N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; three genera and 347 species (236 endemic) in China, including at least nine hybrids and at least one introduced species
.[1]
Genus Salix
Trees
or shrubs
deciduous, rarely evergreen
(if shrubs, then erect
, ascending
procumbent
, creeping
, or cushion-shaped) ; pith
terete
. Branches terete. Terminal
bud usually absent; buds with single scale. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite or opposite; stipules small, free
, deciduous or persistent
, developed mainly on vigorous branchlets
; petiole
short; leaf blade
variously shaped, often long and narrow. Flowering precocious
, coetaneous
, or serotinous; catkins upright or spreading
, rarely pendulous; bracts entire, persistent or caducous
. Flowers entomophilous or anemophilous
, each with 1 or 2 glands
: 1 abaxial
(dorsal) or absent and 1 adaxial
(ventral), i.e.
, abaxial gland between bract and stipe, adaxial gland between stipe and rachis. Male flower: stamens 2-many; filaments
free or partly to completely connate
, usually exceeding bracts; anthers
2-loculed (rarely 4-loculed if filaments connate), opening lengthwise. Female flower: ovary 2-loculed, sessile or stipitate
; style 1, short, slender, or absent, entire or 2-cleft; stigmas 1 or 2, lobed
or entire. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds mostly green or gray-green, small, surrounded by fine hairs
.
About 520 species: cold and temperate regions
of N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; 275 species (189 endemic, at least one introduced
) in China.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Deciduous.
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: chartreuse, yellow-green
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 10-12' tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,037 meters (0 to 9,964 feet).[3]
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 6-8' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to partial shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Salicales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Salicaceae
(
)
- Mirbel, 1815
- Willow Family
- Subfamily:
Iridoideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Iridoideae
(
- Family:
Salicaceae
(
- Order:
Salicales
(
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Willd. Publication : Sp. Pl. iv . 697 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001
Similar Species
Members of the genus Salix
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2764 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
S. abnormis · S. abromeitiana · S. abscondita · S. accedens · S. acmophylla · S. acmophylla var. russanovii · S. acridentata · S. acuminata · S. acuminatomicrophylla · S. acuta · S. acutata · S. acutidens · S. acutifolia · S. acutifolia 'Blue Streak' · S. acutifolia 'Lady Aldenham No 2' · S. acutifolia 'Pendulifolia' (Willow) · S. adamauensis · S. adenodontos · S. adenophylla · S. adenophylloides · S. adscendens · S. 'Aegma Brno' · S. aegyptiaca · S. aemulans · S. aequitriens · S. aequivoca · S. aeruginosa · S. affinis · S. aglaja · S. ahlbergi · S. ajanensis · S. alatavica · S. alaternoides · S. alaxensis (Felt-Leaf Willow) · S. alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville var. alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville · S. alaxensis f. obovalifolia · S. alaxensis var. alaxensis (Feltleaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. longistylis (Felt-Leaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. silicicola · S. alba (Golden Willow) · S. alba argentea · S. alba 'Aurea' · S. alba 'Belders' · S. alba 'Britzensis' · S. alba caerulea · S. alba 'Calva' · S. alba 'Cardinalis' · S. alba 'Chermesina' (White Willow) · S. alba coerulea · S. alba 'Dart's Snake' · S. alba f. argentea · S. alba f.regalis · S. alba 'Flame' (Flame White Willow) · S. alba 'Golden Ness' · S. alba 'Hutchinson's Yellow' · S. alba L. 'Barlo' · S. alba L. 'Bredevoort' · S. alba L. 'Drakenburg' · S. alba L. forma splendes J.Anderson · S. albaforma tristis (Wisconsin Weeping Willow) · S. alba L. 'Het Goor' · S. alba L. 'Lichtenvoorde' · S. alba L. 'Lievelde' · S. alba L. 'Sericea' · S. alba 'Liempde' · S. alba micans · S. alba 'Orange Spire' · S. alba 'Raesfeld' · S. alba 'Richmond' · S. alba 'Rockanje' · S. alba 'Saint Oedendrode' · S. alba 'Splendens' · S. alba subsp. coerulea · S. alba 'Tristis' · S. alba var. caerulea 'Wantage Hall' · S. alba var. sericea · S. alba var. splendens · S. alba var. subintegra · S. alba var. vitellina 'Britzensis' · S. alba var. vitellina 'Concolor' · S. alba var. vitellina 'Yelverton' · S. alba 'Vitellina' (Golden Weeping Willow) · S. alba 'Vitellina Pendula' · S. alba 'Vitellina Tristis' · S. alba vittelina · S. alberti · S. albescens · S. albicans · S. albida · S. albiphila · S. albo · S. albovirens · S. alexensis · S. alexii-skvortzovii · S. alfredi · S. alfredii · S. alfredii var. fengxianica · S. algista · S. alifera · S. allochroa
More Info
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Further Reading
- Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 222.
- Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 683.
- Wang Chan and Fang Cheng-fu, eds. 1984. Salicaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(2): 1-403.
- Wang Chan and Fang Cheng-fu, eds. 1984. Salicaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(2): 1-403.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 2, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 18 providers.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 27, 2007:
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669159
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-504972
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13738212
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:778243-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 778243-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 451033
Footnotes
- Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao & Alexei K. Skvortsov "Salicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Salix". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 162. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 342.360 meters (1,123.228 feet), Standard Deviation = 336.220 based on 6,700 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
