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• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Reproduction
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
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Overview:

Critically Endangered

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List: CR Critically Endangered

US Endangered Species Act: Endangered. First listed on October 29, 1991. It is currently designated as Endangered in the Entire Range. Within the area covered by this listing, this species is known to occur in: Hawaii. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Region (Region 1) is the lead region for this entity. More info.

Threats:

• 1.5 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Invasive alien species (ongoing)
• 1.7 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Fires (ongoing)
• 2 Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) (ongoing)

For info on these threat codes, see here.

Justification

Schiedea kaalae is endemic to Oahu, Hawaii. It has been recorded from the Waianae Mountains and the central windward portion of the Koolau Mountains. It is known from eight subpopulations, totaling 25¿30 individuals. The species and its habitats are threatened by pigs, goats, and alien plants.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Schiedea kaalae var. acutifolia Sherff

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Flora 56:175. 1873

Name verified on 13-Apr-1994 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Jun-2007

Physical Description

Family Caryophyllaceae:

Herbs annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs or shrubs. Stems and branches usually swollen at nodes. Leaves opposite, decussate, rarely alternate or verticillate, simple, entire, usually connate at base; stipules scarious, bristly, or often absent. Inflorescence of cymes or cymose panicles, rarely flowers solitary or few in racemes, capitula, pseudoverticillasters, or umbels. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual, occasionally cleistogamous. Sepals (4 or) 5, free, imbricate, or connate into a tube, leaflike or scarious, persistent, sometimes bracteate below calyx. Petals (4 or) 5, rarely absent, free, often comprising claw and limb; limb entire or split, usually with coronal scales at juncture of claw and limb. Stamens (2--) 5--10, in 1 or 2 series. Pistil 1; carpels 2--5, united into a compound ovary. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or basally imperfectly 2--5-loculed. Gynophore present or absent. Placentation free, central, rarely basal; ovules (1 or) few or numerous, campylotropous. Styles (1 or) 2--5, sometimes united at base. Fruit usually a capsule, with pericarp crustaceous, scarious, or papery, dehiscing by teeth or valves 1 or 2 × as many as styles, rarely berrylike with irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds 1 to numerous, reniform, ovoid, or rarely dorsiventrally compressed, abaxially grooved, blunt, or sharply pointed, rarely fimbriate-pectinate; testa granular, striate or tuberculate, rarely smooth or spongy; embryo strongly curved and surrounding perisperm or straight but eccentric; perisperm mealy.

Between 75 and 80 genera and ca. 2000 species: widespread but mainly of temperate or warm-temperate occurrence in the N hemisphere, with principal centers of distribution in the Mediterranean region and W Asia to W China and the Himalayas, fewer species in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania; 30 genera (two endemic) and 390 species (193 endemic) in China.

Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria contain over half the species in the family in China. They are mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau, and are especially rich from the Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. The main uses of this family are medicinal and ornamental. Dianthus superbus, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata, and Vaccaria hispanica are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Some species of Arenaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Psammosilene, and Silene are used as medicinal herbs among the people or are habitually used in local Chinese medicine. Many species of Dianthus, Gypsophila, Lychnis, Saponaria, and Silene are grown as ornamentals. Atocion armeria (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ( Silene armeria Linnaeus), native to Russia and Europe, is also cultivated in China. It differs from Silene in having a corymbose inflorescence and obscure calyx veins. Wu Cheng-yih, Ke Ping, Zhou Li-hua, Tang Chang-lin & Lu De-quan. 1996. Caryophyllaceae. In: Tang Chang-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 47–449.^[1]

Habit: Shrub, Subshrub, Vine

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Oceania

Native: .

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Similar Species

Members of the genus Schiedea:

There are approximately 46 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: S. diffusa macraei · S. adamantis (Diamond Head Schiedea) · S. amplexicaulis (Niihau Schiedea) · S. apokremnos (Kauai Schiedea) · S. attenuata · S. diffusa (Spreading Schiedea) · S. diffusa subsp. macraei · S. globosa (Globe Schiedea) · S. gregoriana · S. haleakalensis (Haleakala Schiedea) · S. haupuensis · S. helleri (Kaholuamanu Schiedea) · S. hookeri (Sprawling Schiedea) · S. implexa (Auwahi Schiedea) · S. jacobii · S. kaalae (Oahu Schiedea) · S. kauaiensis (Kauai Schiedea) · S. kealiae (Waianae Range Schiedea) · S. laui · S. ligustrima · S. ligustrina (Privetleaf Schiedea) · S. lydgatei (Kamalo Gulch Schiedea) · S. mannii (Ridgetop Schiedea) · S. membranacea (Papery Schiedea) · S. menziesii (Menzies' Schiedea) · S. menziesii var. molokaiensis · S. menziesii var. spegulacea · S. nuttallii (Valley Schiedea) · S. oahuensis · S. obatae · S. obovata · S. pentamera · S. pentandra · S. perlmanii · S. pubescens (Hairy Schiedea) · S. pubescens var. pubescens · S. pubescens var. purpurascens · S. salicaria (Royal Schiedea) · S. spergulina (Canyon Schiedea) · S. spergulina var. leiopoda · S. spergulina var. spergulina · S. stellarioides (Lau Lihilihi) · S. trinervia · S. trinervis · S. verticillata (Devils Slide Schiedea) · S. wichmanii

Bibliography

• Hillebrand, W. 1888. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Carl Winter, Heidelberg, Germany; Williams and Norgate, London; B. Westermann and Co., New York. 673p.
• Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. (L US Can ed2)
• Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.
• Llop, J.; Woolliams, K. 1991. Notes on the Propagation of Schiedea at Waimea. Notes from Waimea Arboretum and Botanical Garden. 18: 5-9.
• NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. (Accessed: October 16, 2003).
• Sherff, E.E. 1945. Revision of the genus Schiedea Cham. and Schlecht. Brittonia. 5: 308-335.
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished.
• USFWS. 1990. Proposed Endangered Status for 26 Plants from the Waianae Mountains, Island of Oahu, HI. Federal Register. 55, 189: 39664-39680.
• USFWS. 1995. Recovery Plan for the Waianae Plant Cluster. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.207.
• USFWS. 2001. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species List. March 30, 2000. Honolulu: Unpublished. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.19.
• USFWS. 2002. Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 102: 37108-37156.
• United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Species Information: threatened and endangered animals and plants - on-line resource. (US Fish & Wildl List)
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. (F Hawaii)
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 1999. Hawaiian vascular plants at risk:1999. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 60:29.
• Wagner, W. L. et al. 2005. Monograph of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae - Alsinoideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 72:84–86.
• Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.
• Wagner, W.L.; Herbst, D.R.; Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i--Revised Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. 1853p.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 20211
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13738630
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:156689-1
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Identifier: Q21F
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SCKAA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60737

Footnotes:

1. Dequan Lu, Zhengyi Wu, Lihua Zhou, Shilong Chen, Michael G. Gilbert, Magnus Lidén, John McNeill, John K. Morton, Bengt Oxelman, Richard K. Rabeler, Mats Thulin, Nicholas J. Turland & Warren L. Wagner "Caryophyllaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.