Solidago multiradiata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Solidago

Perennials , 5100(200) cm; woody caudices or rhizomes. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect , sometimes branched distally, glabrous or strigose , strigillose , hispid , or short-villous. Leaves basal (persistent or not by flowering) and cauline; petiolate (proximal ) or sessile (proximal and distal, latter sometimes subpetiolate) ; proximal blades sometimes 3-nerved, ovate-oblanceolate, margins often serrate, faces glabrous or densely hairy ; distal sometimes 3-nerved, glabrous or sparsely to densely scabrous , strigillose, or villous , sometimes stipitate-glandular , sometimes resinous . Heads usually radiate , sometimes discoid , (1) 21500+ in racemiform (club-shaped or pyramidal ), paniculiform or corymbo-paniculiform, sometimes secund arrays. Involucres campanulate to cylindric (often spreading upon drying), 312 × 1.710 mm. Phyllaries 1035 in 35 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent , sometimes plus 25 secondary nerves (striate , flat), linear-lanceolate to oblong or ovate , unequal to rarely subequal , margins scarious , (apices rounded to acute or attenuate), faces glabrous or sparsely pilose or puberulent , sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous. Receptacles slightly convex , pitted , epaleate . Ray florets (0) 215(24), pistillate , fertile ; corollas yellow, rarely white (usually glabrous). Disc florets 235(60), bisexual , fertile; corollas yellow, ± ampliate , tubes shorter than throats (usually glabrous), lobes 5, erect to spreading, triangular to narrowly lanceolate; style-branch appendages broadly to narrowly triangular (lengths 0.71 times stigmatic lines ). Cypselae narrowly obconic to cylindric, sometimes somewhat compressed , ribs usually 810 (either darker and sometimes translucent or lighter than bodies), glabrous or moderately strigillose; pappi persistent, outer setiform scales (0.250.5 mm; rarely present) plus 2 series of 2545 longer , barbellate bristles , mid apically attenuate, 9095% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5in S. sphacelata) 1.55(7.3) mm]. x = 9.

Species ca. 100: North America, Mexico, South America, Eurasia .

Solidago is found primarily in North America with some South American and Eurasian species (8 in Mexico, 4 in South America, 6-10 in Europe and Asia).

Recent studies on the phylogeny of Astereae and

Solidago have done much to resolve relationships of the goldenrods to each other and to other genera within the tribe (J. J. Zhang 1996; J. C. Semple et al. 1999; R. D. Noyes and L. H. Rieseberg 1999; J. B . Beck et al. 2004). Traditionally the grass-leaved goldenrods, Euthamia, have been included in Solidago; they are well separated within the North American clade. L. C. Anderson and J. B. Creech (1975) presented anatomic reasons for separating the two genera and also Chrysoma, Gundlachia, and Petradoria. The segregate genera Oligoneuron and Brachychaeta fit within Solidago based on anatomy and DNA studies. Brintonia lies outside Solidago based on DNA and morphology. The position of the monophyletic Oreochrysum also appears to lie outside and phylogenetically close to Solidago. G. L. Nesom (1993) placed the flat-topped goldenrods in Oligoneuron. Results from Zhangs study indicate that the flat-topped goldenrods are nested within other goldenrod groups that Nesom included in Solidago. Beck et al. (2004) indicated that further work is needed before a definitive molecular-based phylogeny is available. While the flat-topped goldenrods are readily distinct from other goldenrods on the basis of arrangements of heads , additional features such as double pappus with clavate inner bristles and oligoneurate phyllaries occur in other species of Solidago as well. The flat-topped goldenrods are treated here as Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei following Semple and K . N. Gandhi (2004). Nesom provided much of the formal subgeneric nomenclature that by and large is followed here; there are some differences in assignment of species to subsections. Semple (2003, 2004) proposed a number of additional new names and combinations used here. J. L. A. Hood and Semple (2003) presented evidence that the pappus of Solidago is not simple , as previously assumed, but is like that of related genera: it is in two series, inner series somewhat clavate and slightly longer, or sometimes in three series with an additional, shorter outer series of few setiform scales.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Tundra and tundralike habitats , alpine slopes and meadows; 0-3700 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,091 meters (0 to 13,422 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Aster multiradiatus (Aiton) Kuntze • S. multiradiata var. arctica (De Candolle) Fernald • Solidago algida Piper • Solidago cusickii Piper • Solidago dilatata A. Nelson • Solidago heterophylla Nuttall • Solidago multiradiata var. scopulorum A. Gray • Solidago rubra Rydberg • Solidago scopulorum (A. Gray) A. Nelson • Solidago virgaurea Linnaeus Var. arctica De Candolle • Solidago virgaurea Linnaeus var. multiradiata (Aiton) Torrey & A. Gray

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Tropicos, LCR Editor. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:9493A0BF-72CC-446C-84BB-5ECA6716301F

Last scrutiny: 02-Nov-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Solidago

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 164 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. albopilosa (White-Haired Goldenrod) · S. altiplanities (High Plains Goldenrod) · S. arguta (Atlantic Goldenrod) · S. arguta var. arguta (Atlantic Goldenrod) · S. arguta var. boottii (Boott's Goldenrod) · S. arguta var. caroliniana (Atlantic Goldenrod) · S. arguta var. harrisii (Harris' Goldenrod) · S. arguta var. neurolepis (Atlantic Goldenrod) · S. asperula (Goldenrod) · S. auriculata (Eared Goldenrod) · S. beaudryi (Beaudry's Goldgenrod) · S. bicolor (Silverrod) · S. brachyphylla (Dixie Goldenrod) · S. buckleyi (Buckley's Goldenrod) · S. caesia (Blue-Stem Goldenrod) · S. caesia var. caesia (Wreath Goldenrod) · S. caesia var. curtisii (Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod) · S. calcicola (Limestone Goldenrod) · S. californica (California Goldenrod) · S. canadensis (Canada Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Bartram's Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. canadensis (Canadian Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. gilvocanescens (Shorthair Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. hargeri (Harger's Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. lepida (Canada Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. salebrosa (Salebrosa Goldenrod) · S. canadensis var. scabra (Canadian Goldenrod) · S. canadensis 'Baby Gold' (Baby Gold Canada Goldenrod) · S. canadensis'Crown of Rays' (Crown of Rays Goldenrod) · S. cutleri (Cutler's Alpine Goldenrod) · S. cutleri 'Goldrush' (Alpine Goldenrod) · S. deamii (Deam's Goldenrod) · S. discoidea (Rayless Mock Goldenrod) · S. erskinei (Erskine's Goldenrod) · S. fistulosa (Pine-Barren Goldenrod) · S. flaccidifolia (Mountain Goldenrod) · S. flexicaulis (Broad-Leaved Goldenrod) · S. gattingeri (Gattinger's Goldenrod) · S. gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) · S. glomerata (Clustered Goldenrod) · S. gracillima (Virginia Goldenrod) · S. guiradonis (Guirado Goldenrod) · S. hispida (Hairy Goldenrod) · S. hispida var. arnoglossa (Hairy Goldenrod) · S. hispida var. hispida (Hairy Goldenrod) · S. hispida var. lanata (Hairy Goldenrod) · S. hispida var. tonsa (Hairy Goldenrod) · S. juliae (Julia's Goldenrod) · S. juncea (Early Goldenrod) · S. juncea var. juncea (Early Goldenrod) · S. latissimifolia (Elliott's Goldenrod) · S. leavenworthii (Leavenworth's Goldenrod) · S. lepida var. lepida (Western Canada Goldenrod) · S. ludoviciana (Louisiana Goldenrod) · S. luteus (Goldenrod) · S. macrophylla (Largeleaf Goldenrod) · S. missouriensis (Goldenrod) · S. missouriensis var. fasciculata (Missouri Goldenrod) · S. missouriensis var. missouriensis (Missouri Goldenrod) · S. missouriensis var. tenuissima (Missouri Goldenrod) · S. missouriensis var. tolmieana (Tolmies' Goldenrod) · S. mollis (Ashy Goldenrod) · S. mollis var. angustata (Velvety Goldenrod) · S. mollis var. mollis (Velvety Goldenrod) · S. multiradiata (Mountain Goldenrod) · S. multiradiata var. arctica (Arctic Goldenrod) · S. multiradiata var. multiradiata (Rocky Mountain Goldenrod) · S. multiradiata var. parviceps (Mountain Goldenrod) · S. multiradiata var. scopulorum (Rocky Mountain Goldenrod) · S. nana (Baby Goldenrod) · S. nemoralis (Common Goldenrod) · S. nemoralis var. longipetiolata (Gray Goldenrod) · S. nemoralis var. nemoralis (Gray Goldenrod) · S. odora (Anise-Scented Goldenrod) · S. odora var. chapmanii (Chapmans Goldenrod) · S. odora var. odora (Anisescented Goldenrod) · S. ohiensis (Ohio Goldenrod) · S. ouachitensis (Ouachita Mountain Goldenrod) · S. ovata (Goldenrod) · S. patula (Roundleaf Goldenrod) · S. patula var. patula (Roundleaf Goldenrod) · S. patula var. strictula (Roundleaf Goldenrod) · S. petiolaris (Downy Goldenrod) · S. petiolaris var. angusta (Downy Ragged Goldenrod) · S. petiolaris var. petiolaris (Downy Ragged Goldenrod) · S. pinetorum (Small's Goldenrod) · S. plumosa (Plumed Goldenrod) · S. porteri (Porter's Goldenrod) · S. puberula (Downy Goldenrod) · S. puberula var. puberula (Downy Goldenrod) · S. puberula var. pulverulenta (Downy Goldenrod) · S. pulchra (Carolina Goldenrod) · S. radula (Rough Goldenrod) · S. radula var. laeta (Western Rough Goldenrod) · S. radula var. radula (Western Rough Goldenrod) · S. radula var. stenolepis (Western Rough Goldenrod) · S. raymondii (Raymond's Goldenrod) · S. roanensis (Roan Mountain Goldenrod) · S. rugosa (Cliff Goldenrod) · S. rugosa aspera (Wrinkleleaf Goldenrod)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 53.
• A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California, by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif., University of California press, 1921. url p. 358.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 386.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 686.
• Botanical survey of the Ruby Range, Madison County, Montana, Dillon Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst [et. al].; prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1997] url p. 33, p. 35.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 952.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 784.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1908 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 136, p. 81.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 73.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 236.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1750, p. 1764, p. 1768, p. 1769, p. 2026, p. 2042, p. 2071.
• Classification of the plant communities of Beaverhead, Silver Bow, and Madison Counties, Montana / for Bureau of Land Management, State Office, Billings, Montana. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 150, p. 78, p. 83, p. 89.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 5.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 19 1915 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 669.
• First report on the flora of Wyoming / Aven Nelson. Laramie: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1896. url p. 124.
• Flora boreali-Americana, or, The botany of the northern parts of British America compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. to which are added (by permission of by Sir William Jackson Hooker. London: H.G. Bohn, 1840. url .
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 102, p. 120, p. 548, p. 549, p. 618.
• Flora of the Yellowstone National Park / by Frank Tweedy. Washington, D.C.: Published by the author, 1886. url p. 43, p. 43.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 228.
• Hooker, W. J. Botanical miscellany. 1 1830 London: J. Murray, 1830-1833. url p. 180.
• Labrador, the country and the people, New York, The Macmillan co., 1913. url .
• Labrador: the country and the people / by Wilfred T. Grenfell and others. New York: Macmillan Co., 1909. url p. 410.
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 319.
• List of plants collected by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell in the Klondike region in 1899 John Macoun. Ottawa?: s.n., 1899? url .
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 941.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 319.
• Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url , .
• Miscellaneous publication - University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 1964 Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1946-1996. url p. 13.
• Mountain wild flowers of America: a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds / by Julia W. Henshaw. Boston: Ginn, 1906. url p. 380.
• Mountain wild flowers of America; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, by Julia W. Henshaw. Toronto, Briggs, 1906. url p. 380, p. 380.
• Mountain wild flowers of Canada; a simple and popular guide to the names and descriptions of the flowers that bloom above the clouds, Julia W. Henshaw. Toronto, Briggs, 1906. url p. 380.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 389.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 134.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 2 1902 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 17.
• Philosophical magazine. London: Taylor & Francis. url p. 44.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 13, p. 15, p. 15, p. 4.
• Plant community classification for vegetation on BLM lands, Pryor Mountains, Carbon County, Montana / Robert L. DeVelice & Peter Lesica; for USDI Bureau of Land Management, State Office. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 10, p. 51.
• Plant indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1920 url p. 236.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 87, p. 87.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 110.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 8 1885 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 216, p. 723.
• Proceedings. Halifax url .
• Range-wide status assessment of cirsium longistylum (long-styled thistle) / Helena: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2004. url .
• Report for the year - British Columbia Provincial Museum. [Victoria]; Printed by A. Sutton [etc.], for the Queen. url .
• Report on an exploration in the Yukon district, N.W.T., and adjacent northern portion of British Columbia, 1887 by George M. Dawson. Montreal: Dawson, 1888. url .
• Rocky Mountain wild flower studies; an account of the ways of some plants that live in the Rocky Mountain region, by Burton O. Longyear. .. with illustrations from nature by the author. Denver, Merchants Publishing Co., c1909 url p. 152.
• Seemann, B. The botany of the voyage of H.M.S. Herald: under the command of Captain Henry Kellett, R.N., C.B., during the years 1845-51 /by Berthold Seemann. 1852-1857 London: Lovell Reeve, 1852-1857. url p. 477, p. 52.
• Sensitive plant survey in the Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst and Peter Lesica; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
• Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains, in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Forest Service, Beaverhead National Forest. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url p. 63.
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url .
• Sensitive plant surveys, 1989: U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, Gallatin National Forest / prepared for United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; prepared by Sarah Y. Mathews. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1989] url p. 19.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 31 1888 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 147, p. 60.
• Status review of Cirsium longistylum, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1 Lewis and Clark National Forest, Montana / Lisa A. Schassberger and Peter L. Achuff. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991]. url p. 7.
• Survey for Botrychium paradoxum in the vicinity of Storm Lake, Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 55.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url , , , p. 10, p. 19, p. 22, p. 28, p. 30, p. 37, p. 38.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Co. [etc., etc.]1878-1884. url , p. 147, p. 148.
• Synoptical flora of North America: the Gamopetalae, a second edition of vol. I, pt. II, and vol. II, pt. I / collected by Asa Gray. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1888. url p. 147, p. 148.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. 67 1953 Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 109, p. 131, p. 179, p. 179, p. 196, p. 209, p. 280, p. 286, p. 300, p. 340, p. 4, p. 436, p. 449, p. 506, p. 652, p. 66, p. 675, p. 83, p. 96, p. 98.
• The Canadian record of science. Montreal, Natural History Society. url p. 189.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 192, p. 235.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 432.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 55 1995 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 232, p. 339, p. 486, p. 64.
• The Labrador coast. New York, N. D. C. Hodges: [etc., etc.]1891. url p. 460.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 213, p. 213, p. 271.
• The Proceedings and transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Halifax, Nova Scotian Institute of Science. url p. 508.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 448.
• The relation of leaf structure to physical factors. [1905] url p. 41.
• University studies of the University of Nebraska. Lincoln. url p. 349.
• Vascular plant and sensitive plant species inventory for the highland mountains, Deerlodge National Forest; prepared for Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 21, p. 41.
• Vegetation and flora of the Line Creek Plateau area, Carbon County, Montana / prepared by Peter Lesica and the Montana Natural Heritage Program; prepared for USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url p. 29, p. 5.
• Wild flowers of the North American mountains. New York, McBride, 1917. url p. 348, p. 375, p. 41.
• Hood, J. L. A. and J. C. Semple. 2003. Pappus variation in Solidago (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 20: 1617-1630.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 9, 2012.
• GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• "Solidago multiradiata". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 107, 110, 111. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657755
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-1849
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13748926
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:249726-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 429551
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36279
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SOVIA SOMU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 63633

Footnotes

1. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook "Solidago". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 3,12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 97, 102, 105, 106, 107EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Solidago multiradiata". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 107, 110, 111. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 1,180.630 meters (3,873.458 feet), Standard Deviation = 801.950 based on 669 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.