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Sterculia khasiana

Overview

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Extinct
Threat status

Description

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Family Sterculiaceae

Trees or shrubs , rarely herbs or liana; young growth usually stellately hairy ; bark mucilaginous and rich in fibers. Leaves alternate; stipules usually present caducous ; leaf blade simple , rarely palmately compound , entire, serrate, or parted . Inflorescence axillary or rarely terminal , paniculate , corymbose , racemose, or cymose , rarely solitary. Flowers unisexual , bisexual or polygamous. Sepals (3-) 5, ± connate , rarely free , valvate . Petals 5 or lacking, free or adnate to base of androecium, convolutely imbricate. Androgynophore usually present; filaments usually connate into a single tube ; staminodes 5, tonguelike or filiform , opposite to sepals, sometimes lacking; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent . Pistil consisting of 2-5(or 10-12) ± connate carpels, or a single carpel; ovary superior, 2-5(or 10-12) -loculed; ovules 2 or more per locule; style 1 or as many as carpels. Fruit usually a capsule or follicle, dehiscent or indehiscent, very rarely a berry or nut. Seeds with abundant endosperm or endosperm lacking; embryo straight or curved .

About 68 genera and ca. 1100 species: tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, a few in temperate regions ; 19 genera (two introduced ) and 90 species (39 endemic, three introduced) in China.

The Chinese genera fit into four distinct clades which can be treated as subfamilies of an enlarged Malvaceae or as distinct families. These are Sterculioideae/Sterculiaceae s.s. (genera 1-4), Helicteroideae/Helicteraceae (genera 5 and 6), Byttnerioideae/Byttneriaceae (genera 7-13), and Dombeyoideae/Pentapetaceae (genera 14-19) .[1]

Genus Sterculia

Trees or shrubs . Leaves simple , entire or palmately lobed , rarely palmately compound , margin entire or dentate . Inflorescence usually axillary , usually paniculate , rarely racemose. Flowers unisexual . Calyx 5-lobed or 5-partite. Petals absent. Male flowers: anthers clustered at top of androgynophore , enclosing undeveloped carpels. Female flowers: androgynophore very short, staminodes at top of androgynophore in whorl around base of carpels. Carpels 5; ovules 2 to many per carpel; styles connate at base; stigmas as many as carpels, free . Fruit a group of follicles, usually leathery, less often woody, dehiscent when mature . Seeds 1 to many per follicle, usually with endosperm.

Between 100 and 150 species: tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres, most abundant in Asian tropics; 26 species (14 endemic, one introduced ) in China.

The fruits of nine species and male and/or female flowers of a further four species have not been recorded, indicating that the Chinese members of this genus require much more study in the field .[2]

Habitat

Ecology: Occurred in subtropical forest between 1,000 and 1,500 m. [3]

Taxonomy

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Notes

Publishing author : Debbarm. Publication : U. N. & P. C. Kanj. & Das, Fl. Assam i. Pt . 1, 154 (1934); Debbarm. exBiswas in Assam Forest Rec., Bot. i. 5 (1934)

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Sterculia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 389 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. abbreviata · S. aberrans · S. abyssinica · S. acerifolia · S. acuminata · S. aerisperma · S. aesculoides · S. affinis · S. africana (African Star Chestnut) · S. africana var. socotrana · S. alata · S. alexandri · S. allenii · S. amazonica · S. ambacensis · S. ampla · S. angustifolia · S. ankaranensis · S. apeibophylla · S. aperta · S. apetala (Coolie Sterculia) · S. apetala var. apetala · S. apetala var. elata · S. appendiculata · S. arabica · S. armata · S. australis · S. australis var. australis · S. australis var. dietrichiae · S. austro-caledonica · S. backeri · S. balanghas · S. balansae · S. bammleri · S. banksiana · S. barteri · S. bayakensis · S. beccariana · S. bequaertii · S. bicolor · S. bidwilli · S. bidwillii · S. blancoi · S. blumei · S. bodinieri · S. brachycarpa · S. bracteata · S. brevipetiolata · S. brevissima · S. bullata · S. burbidgei · S. campanulata · S. capuronii · S. caribaea · S. caricaefolia · S. carthaginensis · S. castroi · S. caudata · S. cauliflora · S. ceramica (Fairchild's Sterculia) · S. chapelieri · S. chicha · S. chicomendesii · S. cinerea · S. cinnamomifolia · S. clemensiae · S. coccinea · S. coccinea var. hamiltonii · S. cochinchinensis · S. coggygria · S. cola · S. colombiana · S. coloradensis · S. colorata (Bonfire Tree) · S. columnaris · S. comorensis · S. comosa · S. comptonii · S. convoluta · S. conwentzii · S. cordata · S. cordata var. montana · S. cordifolia · S. corrugata · S. costaricana · S. courmontii · S. crassinervia · S. crassiramea · S. crepitans · S. crinita · S. cubensis · S. cuneata · S. cuneifolia · S. curiosa · S. cuspidata · S. cymbiformis · S. dactylocarpa · S. darbyshirei · S. dasyphylla · S. dawei

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Sterculiaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Sterculia". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 302, 303,327. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-07-03