Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Ahuehuete, Mexican Cypress, Mexican-Cypress, Montezuma Bald Cypress, Montezuma Bald-Cypress, Montezuma Baldcypress, Montezuma Cypress, Montezuma-Cypress, Sabino
Common Names in Spanish:
Ahuehuete, Ahuehuetes, Ciprés, Penjamu, Sabino
Description
Genus Taxodium
Trees
deciduous or evergreen
. Branchlets
terete
. Lateral
roots
commonly producing erect
, irregularly conic to rounded
"knees" in periodically flooded habitats
. Leaves alternate, in 2 ranks
or not. Adult
leaves divergent to strongly appressed
, linear
or linear-lanceolate to deltate, generally flattened, free
portion to ca.
17 mm; abaxial
glands
absent. Pollen cones with 10--20 sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--10 pollen sacs
. Seed cones maturing and shattering in 1 season
, nearly globose
; scales
falling early, 5--10, valvate
, ± peltate, thin and woody. Seeds (1--) 2 per scale, irregularly 3-angled, wingless; cotyledons 4--9. x
= 11.
Species 1(--3) : North America, Mexico, Central America in Guatemala.
The pollen cones are usually borne at the base
of alternate leaves, forming pendent axillary
panicles; they occur less commonly singly or in racemes
.
Taxodium is variously treated as one to three species but treated here as one polymorphic
species with two varieties in the flora
. A third taxon
tentatively accorded varietal rank--- Taxodium distichum (Linnaeus) Richard var. mexicanum Gordon (= Taxodium mucronatum Tenore) ---and recognized by some authors
as occurring within our range
, appears to differ only in minor phenological characters. Whether or not populations from farther south in Mexico and Guatemala differ sufficiently for formal taxonomic
recognition at any rank has yet to be determined.Frank D. Watson "Taxodium". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habit: Tree
Size/Age/Growth
Size: over 40' tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,622 meters (0 to 5,322 feet).Mean = 413.500 meters (1,356.627 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,802.970 based on 18 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Ecology: It is an important component
of gallery forests
and always occurs next to rivers
or streams
where the base
of the tree
is submerged in water for much of the year. As with other species of Taxodium the roots
of T. mucronatum produce
pneumatophores or breathing roots. It produces seed all year round, but most abundantly from August to November. Its elevational range
is from 300 to 2,500 m
, though at higher altitudes
it is less abundant. (Ref. 90191)
List of Habitats
:1.4Forest - Temperate
5.1Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls
)
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 30-40' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Pinopsida
()
- Order:
Pinales
()
- Family:
Papilionoidea
()
- Family:
Papilionoidea
(
- Order:
Pinales
(
- Class:
Pinopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Cuprespinnata mexicana (Carrière) J. Nelson
- Taxodium distichum Kunth
- Taxodium distichum mucronatum
- Taxodium distichum var. mexicanum (Carrière) Gordon
- Taxodium distichum var. mucronatum (Ten.) A. Henry
- Taxodium mexicanum Carrière
- Taxodium mucronatum Ten.
Notes
Publishing author
: A.Henry Name
status: accepted name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: Farjon A., 11-Jan-2006
Publishing author: Ten.
An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Place of publication
: Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 19:355. 1853
Name verified on 06-Jul-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-Jul-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Taxodium
There are approximately 57 species in this genus:
T. ascendens 'Debonair' (Pond Cypress) · T. ascendens 'Prairie Sentinel' (Pond Cypress) · T. balticum · T. capense · T. cuneatum · T. denudatum · T. distichium · T. distichum (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Cascade Falls' (Weeping Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Fastigiata' · T. distichum 'Hursley Park' · T. distichum 'Little Twister' · T. distichum 'Mickelson' · T. distichum 'Minaret' · T. distichum 'Monarch of Illinois' (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Nelson' (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Peve Minaret' (Pave Minaret Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Peve Yellow' · T. distichum 'Schloss Herten' · T. distichum 'Secrest' (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum 'Shawnee Brave' (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum forma pendens (Bald Cypress) · T. distichum (L.) Rich. var. distichum · T. distichum (L.) Rich. var. mucronatum (Ten.) Henry · T. distichum f. confusum · T. distichum miocenum · T. distichum nutans · T. distichum Shawnee Brave = 'Mickelson' · T. distichum var. distichum (Swamp Cypress) · T. distichumvar. fastigiatum · T. distichum var. imbricarium · T. distichum var. imbricatum (Pond Cypress) · T. distichum var. imbricatum 'Nutans' · T. distichum var. imbricatum 'Prairie Sentinel' (Prairie Sentinel Bald-Cypress) · T. distichum var. nutans · T. distichum var. typica · T. distichun · T. disticum · T. dubium · T. fastigiatum · T. heterophyllum · T. horsfieldii · T. huegeli · T. imbricarium · T. knightii · T. montezumae · T. mucronatum (Mexican Cypress) · T. nutkaense · T. occidentale · T. olriki · T. olrikii · T. pinnatum · T. pyramidatum · T. sinense · T. virens · T. wallisii · T. washingtonium
Bibliography
- Alanis Flores, G.J. and Favela Lara, S. 2002. The conservation status of Taxodium mucronatum in Mexico. Fitzroya 5: 7.
- Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. B. (1966a): A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae, London: Edward Arnold
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer) [mentions as T. distichum var. mexicanum].
- Farjon, A. 2005. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. (Monog Cupressaceae) 129–132.
- Farjon, A. et al. 1998. Data collection forms for conifer species completed by the IUCN/SSC Conifer Specialist Group between 1996 and 1998.
- Farjon, A., Page, C.N. and Schellevis, N. 1993. A preliminary world list of threatened conifer taxa. Biodiversity and Conservation 2: 304-326.
- IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541. (Trees US)
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- McVaugh, R. 1983–. Flora Novo-Galiciana. (F NGalicia)
- Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers) 1998. The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. (Rehder)
- Standley, P.C., Steyermark, J.A. and Williams, L.O. 1946. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany 24.
- Zanoni, T.A. 1982. Flora de Veracruz. Instituto Nacional de Investigacions Sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz.
- Watson, F. D. 1985. The nomenclature of pondcypress and baldcypress. Taxon 34: 506--509.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Conifer Database
- Farjon, A. (Conifer Specialist Group) 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 30, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 8 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 30, 2007:
- GBIF-Spain, Universidad del PaÃs Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 9278493
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-1120
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14706305
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263774-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 80068
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 183432
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 249723-2
- IUCN ID: 34029
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PGTXO04030
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TAMU
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 64984
