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Thelypteris chimboracensis

Overview

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Vulnerable
Threat status

Description

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Family Thelypteridaceae

Plants terrestrial or on rock [epiphytic]. Stems creeping to erect , scaly at apex. Leaves monomorphic or somewhat dimorphic [dimorphic]. Petiole in cross section with 2 crescent-shaped vascular bundles at base . Blade pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely more than 2-pinnate [simple ]; rachis grooved adaxially or not, grooves not continuous with grooves of next order . Veins free or anastomosing, running to margin , areoles with or without included free veinlets. Indument of transparent, needlelike, hooked , septate , or stellate hairs , or rarely hairs lacking. Sori inframedial to supramedial, occasionally nearly marginal , round or oblong , rarely elongate along veins; indusia reniform or sometimes absent. Spores bilateral , monolete [rarely globose-tetrahedral and trilete], usually with a prominent , crested , echinate , or reticulate perispore . Gametophytes green, cordate, usually hairy or glandular ; antheridia 3-celled.

Genera 1 to ca. 30, depending on circumscription, species ca. 900 (as circumscribed here, 3 genera and 25 species in the flora ) : mostly tropical .

Members of Thelypteridaceae have historically been associated with Dryopteridaceae (in particular, Dryopteris ) but in fact have no close relationship with that family . Thelypteris and allies differ from Dryopteris and allies by their indument of transparent needlelike hairs (versus needlelike hairs absent in Dryopteridaceae) ; general absence of blade scales (versus blade scales often present) ; petiole vasculature in cross section with two crescent-shaped bundles (versus many round bundles arranged in an arc, Athyrium and allies exceptional) ; generally 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid blades (versus often more divided ) ; veins usually not forking in the ultimate segments (versus often forking) ; adaxial grooves discontinuous from rachis to costae, or grooves lacking (versus grooves often continuous) ; and chromosome base numbers from 27--36 (versus generally 40, 41) .[1]

Genus Thelypteris

Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect , 1.5--12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, proximal pinnae reduced or not, apex commonly gradually reduced, infrequently abruptly reduced and pinnalike; pinnae entire to deeply pinnatifid , sessile or short-stalked; costae grooved adaxially; buds absent or uncommonly present in axils of pinnae; veins free to regularly anastomosing, commonly simple (1-forked in a few species, e.g. , Thelypteris palustris ) and reaching margin ; indument various abaxially, often of simple or branched hairs on blades, rachises and costae with or usually without scales . Sori round, oblong , or elongate along veins, commonly medial to supramedial; indusia round-reniform, large (ca. 1 mm diam.) and persistent or sometimes small (less than 0.3 mm diam.), occasionally ephemeral , sometimes absent; sporangial capsules glabrous or occasionally hairy . x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.

Species ca. 875: nearly worldwide.

In the broadest sense, Thelypteris is a very large and complex genus of about 900 species and constitutes the only genus in the family . It has been divided into ca. 30 genera by R. E. Holttum (1971, 1982) ; these are treated as subgenera and/or sections by various workers. In the treatment adopted here, the genus is broadly circumscribed but excludes the small segregate genera Phegopteris and Macrothelypteris, two of the most distinctive elements . The subgroups of Thelypteris (treated as genera by some workers) are indicated in the key to species and by their subgeneric names preceding the treatment of species groups. The name to be used if a narrowly circumscribed segregate genus is adopted is included in the synonymy .[2]

Habitat

Ecology: Occurs in high Andean forest (2,000–2,500 m ).[3]


List of Habitats :1.9Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane

Taxonomy

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Notes

Publishing author : A.R.Sm. Publication : in Op . Bot., B (Fl. Ecuador), 18(14:14): 34 (1983), nom. nov.: 1983

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Thelypteris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1011 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

T. hispidula var. versicolor · T. pilosa var. alabamensis · T. abbiattii · T. abdita (Rio Abajo Maiden Fern) · T. abrupta (Fairybit Maiden Fern) · T. acanthocarpa · T. achalensis · T. acrostichoides · T. aculeata · T. acuminata · T. acunae · T. adscendens · T. aequatorialis · T. affinis · T. alan-smithiana · T. alata · T. alata var. subpinnata · T. alatella · T. albicaulis · T. albociliata · T. albosetosa · T. alfredii · T. alta · T. altissima · T. amambayensis · T. amboinensis · T. amphioxypteris · T. ancryothrix · T. ancyriothrix · T. andicola · T. andina · T. andreana · T. aneitensis · T. angulariloba · T. angusta · T. angustifolia (Broadleaf Maiden Fern) · T. angustifolium · T. angustifrons · T. angustipes · T. anoptera · T. antillana · T. aoristisora · T. appressa · T. aquatilis · T. aquatiloides · T. araucariensis · T. arborea · T. arborescens · T. arcana · T. archboldiae · T. arcuata · T. arenosa · T. argentina · T. arguta · T. arida · T. arrecta · T. aspera · T. aspidioides · T. asplenioides · T. assamica · T. assurgens · T. asterothrix · T. atrorubens · T. atrovirens · T. augescens (Abrupt-Tipped Maiden Fern) · T. augescens var. lindheimeri · T. aureola · T. auriculata · T. auriculifera · T. aurita · T. austrophilippina · T. bakeri · T. balbisii (Balbis' Maiden Fern) · T. bangii · T. baramensis · T. bartlettii · T. barvae · T. basiattenuata · T. basisceletica · T. batacorum · T. beccariana · T. beddomei · T. beddomei f. purpurascenstipes · T. bergiana · T. berlinii · T. berroi · T. biaurita · T. bibrachiata · T. biflormata · T. biformata · T. binervata · T. biolleyi · T. bipinnata · T. blanda · T. blastophora · T. blepharis · T. boliviensis · T. bonapartii · T. boninensis · T. bootii

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 17, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Alan R. Smith "Thelypteridaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Alan R. Smith "Thelypteris". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. Navarrete, H. & Pitman, N. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
Last Revised: 2009-07-03