Description
Family Boraginaceae
Herbs perennial
, biennial, or annual
, less often lianas, shrubs
, or trees
, usually bristly
or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple
, exstipulate
, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin
. Inflorescences often double
scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed
, mostly persistent
. Corolla tubular
, campanulate
, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
appendages
5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring
of hairs
present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes
overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted
on corolla tube or rarely at throat
, included
or rarely exserted; anthers
introrse
, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed
at base
, less often medifixed
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous
, semianatropous, or anatropous
. Style terminal
or gynobasic
, branched or not. Gynobase
flat, fastigiate
, or subulate
. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets
(mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles
with barbed
or anchorlike tips
) . Seeds vertical
or oblique
, coat
membranous; embryo straight, less often curved
; cotyledons flat, fleshy
.
About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate
and tropical regions
, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]
Genus Tournefortia
Shrubs
, climbing
shrubs, trees
, or herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate
, entire. Cymes terminal
or axillary
, corymbose
, ebracteate
. Calyx 4- or 5-parted, not changing in fruit; lobes
narrow. Corolla white or pale
green, usually funnelform
; tube
pubescent
outside, usually exceeding calyx; throat
unappendaged; lobes 4 or 5, overlapping or valvate
in bud, spreading
at anthesis
. Filaments
short, inserted
on corolla tube; anthers
ovate
to oblong
, mucronate
or obtuse
at apex. Disc slightly convex
or sometimes nearly cupular. Ovary 4-loculed; ovules 1 per locule, pendulous. Style terminal; stigma entire or 2-cleft, base
fleshy
, ringlike, inflated
. Drupes with watery, sticky, or corky mesocarp
, endocarp divided
at maturity into 2 2-seeded or 4 1-seeded mericarps, sometimes 1 seed sterile
. Seeds oblique
; cotyledons ovate or elliptic
.
About 150 species: tropical
and subtropical
regions; four species in China.
Argusia (including Messerschmidia) has often been regarded as a distinct
genus of three species of seashore plants
. It is distinguished from Tournefortia by the corky mesocarp, which is an adaptation to dispersal
by seawater. True Tournefortia has fleshy fruit, and none of its species is a seashore plant. For a detailed discussion of the generic
limits
of Argusia and Tournefortia, see Al-Shehbaz (J. Arnold Arbor
., suppl. ser., 1: 1-169. 1991).[2]
Habitat
Ecology: Dry Andean vegetation (1,000–2,500 m
).[3]
List of Habitats
:3.5Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Boraginales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Borage Family
- Genus:
Tournefortia
(
)
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 140. 1753.
- Soldierbush
- Specific epithet:
stenosepala
- K.Krause
- Botanical name: - Tournefortia stenosepala K.Krause
- Specific epithet:
stenosepala
- K.Krause
- Genus:
Tournefortia
(
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
- Order:
Boraginales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Tournefortia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 211 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
T. acclinis · T. acuminata · T. acutiflora · T. acutifolia · T. alba · T. andina · T. angustiflora · T. angustifolia · T. arborea · T. arborescens · T. argentea (Velvet-Leaf Soldier Bush) · T. arguzia · T. astrotricha · T. aubletii · T. auro-argentea · T. barbadensis · T. belizensis · T. bicolor (Niguita) · T. bicolor var. calycosa · T. bifida · T. billbergiana · T. blanchetii · T. bojeri · T. brachiata · T. brachyantha · T. brantii · T. brasiliensis · T. brenesii · T. breviflora · T. brevilobata · T. buchtienii · T. calycina · T. calycosa · T. campii · T. candidula · T. capitata · T. caracasana · T. caribaea · T. carnosa · T. chinchensis · T. chrysantha · T. conocarpa · T. cordifolia · T. coriacea · T. corymbosa · T. curvilimba · T. cuspidata · T. cymosa · T. delicatula · T. densiflora · T. edgeworthii · T. elegans · T. elliptica · T. elongata · T. ferruginea · T. filifera · T. filiflora (Cold Withe) · T. floribunda · T. foetidissima · T. fruticosa · T. fuliginosa · T. gardneri · T. gaudichaudii · T. gibberosa · T. gigantifolia · T. glaberrima · T. glabra · T. gnaphalodes · T. graciliflora · T. gracilipes · T. grandifolia · T. guadalupensis · T. hartwegiana · T. hartwegii · T. heliotropioides · T. hernandesii · T. herzogii · T. heyneana · T. hirsutissima (Chiggery Grapes) · T. hispida · T. horsfieldii · T. incana · T. intermedia · T. intonsa · T. isabellina · T. jamaicensis · T. johnstonii · T. killipii · T. kirkii · T. laevigata · T. laevigata var. latifolia · T. laevis · T. lanceolata · T. lanuginosa · T. latisepala · T. laurifolia (Laurel-Leaf Soldierbush) · T. lavigata · T. laxiflora · T. leonis · T. leucophylla
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Valencia, R., Pitman, N., León-Yánez, S. and Jørgensen, P.M. (eds). 2000. Libro Rojo de las Plantas Endémicas del Ecuador 2000. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Ponticicia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
- Valencia, R., Pitman, N., León-Yánez, S. and Jørgensen, P.M. (eds). 2000. Libro Rojo de las Plantas Endémicas del Ecuador 2000. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Ponticicia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
- Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.
Notes
Contributors
- Pitman, N. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
- Pitman, N. 2003. Tournefortia stenosepala. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7149905
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:121152-1
- IUCN ID: 42830
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1026479
Footnotes
- Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Tournefortia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 341. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Pitman, N. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008. [back]
