Common Names
Common Names in English:
Captiate Valerian, Sharpleaf Valerian
Description
Family Valerianaceae
Annual
or perennial
herbs, rarely shrubs
. Leaves exstipulate
, opposite or in basal rosettes. Inflorescence a dichasial cyme, often changing to monochasium
, sometimes paniculate
or capitate. Flowers usually small, zygomorphic, bisexual
or unisexual
by abortion
. Calyx persistent
, epigynous
, rolled or unrolled in flower. Corolla tubular
, salver - or funnel-shaped, usually gibbous
at the base
, 3-5-lobed. Stamens 1-4, epipetalous
, alternating with the corolla lobes
. Carpels 3, united
; ovary uni-
or tri-locular, with only one fertile
locule; ovule pendulous, anatropous
; style simple
; stigma simple or 2-3-lobed. Fruit an achene, with a wing, an awn
or pappose calyx.
A family
of 13 genera and over 400 species, chiefly confined to the temperate regions
, with the exception of Australia and the Andes in S. America. Represented in Pakistan by 3 genera and about 22 species.[1]
Genus Valeriana
Perennial
herbs with aromatic
underground parts. Leaves entire or divided
. Flowers white or pink in corymbose
cymes, panicles or heads
; upper bracts opposite. Calyx unrolled in fruit into a plumose
pappus. Corolla 5-lobed, often gibbous
at the base
. Stamens 3. Stigma 2-3-fid or simple
. Ovary 3-locular, with only 1 fertile
locule. Achene crowned by the persistent
pappose calyx, dorsally
3-ribbed, ventrally 1-ribbed, glabrous
to hairy
.
A genus of over 200 species. Widely distributed in the temperate regions
of Asia, Africa, Europe and N. & S. America. Represented here by 9 or 10 species.
It is often difficult to identify the valerians without the basal leaves
(which may shed early), underground and fruiting parts.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Forb/herb
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Cornidae
()
- Frohne & Jensen Ex Reveal, 1994
- Superorder:
Dipsacanae
()
- (Dumortier, 1829) Takhtajan, 1997
- Order:
Dipsacales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Valerianaceae
()
- Batsch, 1802
- Valerian Family
- Tribe:
Valerianeae
()
- Genus:
Valeriana
()
- Linn., Sp. Pl. 31. 1753. Gen. Pl. ed. 5:19.1754;
- Valerian
- Specific epithet:
capitata
- Pallas ex Link
- Botanical name: - Valeriana capitata Pallas ex Link
- Specific epithet:
capitata
- Pallas ex Link
- Genus:
Valeriana
(
- Tribe:
Valerianeae
(
- Family:
Valerianaceae
(
- Order:
Dipsacales
(
- Superorder:
Dipsacanae
(
- Subclass:
Cornidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Valeriana
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 983 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
V. abakanica · V. aberdarica · V. acuminata · V. acutiloba (Cordilleran Valerian) · V. acutiloba Rydb. var. glabra (Jepson) Cronquist · V. acutiloba Rydb. var. ovata (Rydb.) A.Nelson · V. acutiloba var. acutiloba (Sharpleaf Valerian) · V. acutiloba var. pubicarpa (Hairyfruit Valeriana) · V. adamsiana · V. adscendens · V. aegialitis · V. aequiloba · V. affinis · V. agrimonifolia · V. agrimoniifolia · V. ajanensis · V. ajanensis fasciculata · V. alba · V. albo-nervata · V. albonervata · V. alliariaefolia · V. alliariifolia · V. alliariifolia Adams var. tiliifolia (Troitzky) Avet. · V. alophis · V. alpestris · V. alpicola · V. alpigena · V. alpina · V. altaica · V. alternifolia · V. alternifolia f. angustifolia · V. alternifolia f. verticillata · V. alternifolia pseudocoreana · V. alternifolia stubendorfiana · V. alternifolia Ledeb. ssp. stubendorfiana (Sumn.) Vorosh. forma angustifoli · V. altissima · V. altoandina · V. alypifolia · V. alypifolia argenteomarginata · V. alypifolia subsp. argenteomarginata · V. alypifolia var. elongata · V. ambigua · V. amoena · V. amphilophis · V. amplexicaulis · V. amurensis · V. amurensis Smirnow ex Kom. forma leiocarpa Hara · V. andina · V. andonaegui · V. angustifolia · V. angustiloba · V. annua · V. anomala · V. apiifolia · V. approximata · V. apula · V. aquatica · V. araucana · V. arborea · V. arctica · V. aretioides · V. arizonica (Arizona Tobaccoroot) · V. armena · V. armena grossheimii · V. armena subsp. grossheimii · V. armeriaefolia · V. arnottiana · V. arsenei · V. asarifolia · V. aschersoniana · V. asplenifolia · V. aspleniifolia · V. assamensis · V. asterothrix · V. astrephioides · V. atacamensis · V. auriculata · V. baltana · V. baltica · V. bambusicaulis · V. bangiana · V. barbareaefolia · V. barbareifolia · V. barbulata · V. barbulata Diels var. gymnostoma Hand.-Mazz. · V. bastilleri · V. beamanii · V. beddomei · V. berterii · V. berteroi · V. berteroniana · V. bertiscea · V. bijuga · V. boelckei · V. boliviana · V. bolkarica · V. bonariensis · V. bonplandiana · V. bornmuelleri · V. bornmulleri
More Info
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- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico; arranged according to the natural system. By John Torrey and Asa Gray New York, Wiley & Putnam; [etc., etc.]1838-184[3] ENG url p. 48.
- Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 143, p. 75, p. 80.
- Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 448, p. 448.
- Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. ENG url p. 1562, p. 1563.
- Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 281.
- Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 14, p. 221, p. 341, p. 386, p. 444, p. 495.
- Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 59.
- Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. New York, 1900. ENG url p. 376, p. 377.
- Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz Leipzig: E. Kummer, 1884-1966. GER url p. 1217.
- Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. ENG url p. 532.
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 639.
- Harriman Alaska series. City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1910-1914. ENG url p. 39.
- Harriman Alaska series. vol. I-V, VIII-XIV. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1910-1914. ENG url p. 29.
- Hoeck, F. (1882a): Beiträge zur Morphologie, Gruppierung und geographischen Verbreitung der Valerianaceen - Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 3/1, pp. 1-63
- Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 24.
- Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. ENG url p. 390, p. 423.
- Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 11, p. 115, p. 188, p. 406, p. 594, p. 810.
- Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 379.
- Meyer, F.G. (1951a): Valeriana in North America and the West Indies - Annals of the Missouri botanical garden 38, pp. 377-503
- Plantarum imagines et descriptiones floram Russicam illustrantes / confecit E.R. Trautvetter. Monachii: Impensis Auctoris Prostat Apud E. Schweizerbart Stuttgartiae, 1844-1846. LAT url p. 61.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 141.
- Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. ENG url p. 43.
- The Canadian naturalist and geologist. Montreal, Dawson. ENG url p. 336, p. 347, p. 351.
- The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 107, p. 158.
- Troms museums rshefter. Troms, Troms museum, 1878-1951. NOR url p. 117, p. 168, p. 180, p. 198.
- Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1891 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. ENG url p. 163.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 24, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Arizona State University, International Institute for Species Exploration: The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium (ALA)
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657219
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-35351
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:859664-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 35351
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 859664-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: VACA3
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 67496
Footnotes
- Yasin Nasir "Valerianaceae". in Flora of Pakistan Vol Page. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Valeriana". in Flora of Pakistan Page 2.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
