• Overview
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Description

Family Valerianaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs . Leaves exstipulate , opposite or in basal rosettes. Inflorescence a dichasial cyme, often changing to monochasium , sometimes paniculate or capitate. Flowers usually small, zygomorphic, bisexual or unisexual by abortion . Calyx persistent , epigynous , rolled or unrolled in flower. Corolla tubular , salver - or funnel-shaped, usually gibbous at the base , 3-5-lobed. Stamens 1-4, epipetalous , alternating with the corolla lobes . Carpels 3, united ; ovary uni- or tri-locular, with only one fertile locule; ovule pendulous, anatropous ; style simple ; stigma simple or 2-3-lobed. Fruit an achene, with a wing, an awn or pappose calyx.

A family of 13 genera and over 400 species, chiefly confined to the temperate regions , with the exception of Australia and the Andes in S. America. Represented in Pakistan by 3 genera and about 22 species.[1]

Genus Valeriana

Perennial herbs with aromatic underground parts. Leaves entire or divided . Flowers white or pink in corymbose cymes, panicles or heads ; upper bracts opposite. Calyx unrolled in fruit into a plumose pappus. Corolla 5-lobed, often gibbous at the base . Stamens 3. Stigma 2-3-fid or simple . Ovary 3-locular, with only 1 fertile locule. Achene crowned by the persistent pappose calyx, dorsally 3-ribbed, ventrally 1-ribbed, glabrous to hairy .

A genus of over 200 species. Widely distributed in the temperate regions of Asia, Africa, Europe and N. & S. America. Represented here by 9 or 10 species.

It is often difficult to identify the valerians without the basal leaves (which may shed early), underground and fruiting parts.[2]

Habitat

Ecology:
List of Habitats :4.7Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : B .Eriksen Publication : Fl. Ecuador No. 34: 32 (-34), fig 1989

Similar Species

Members of the genus Valeriana

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 983 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

V. abakanica · V. aberdarica · V. acuminata · V. acutiloba (Cordilleran Valerian) · V. acutiloba Rydb. var. glabra (Jepson) Cronquist · V. acutiloba Rydb. var. ovata (Rydb.) A.Nelson · V. acutiloba var. acutiloba (Sharpleaf Valerian) · V. acutiloba var. pubicarpa (Hairyfruit Valeriana) · V. adamsiana · V. adscendens · V. aegialitis · V. aequiloba · V. affinis · V. agrimonifolia · V. agrimoniifolia · V. ajanensis · V. ajanensis fasciculata · V. alba · V. albo-nervata · V. albonervata · V. alliariaefolia · V. alliariifolia · V. alliariifolia Adams var. tiliifolia (Troitzky) Avet. · V. alophis · V. alpestris · V. alpicola · V. alpigena · V. alpina · V. altaica · V. alternifolia · V. alternifolia f. angustifolia · V. alternifolia f. verticillata · V. alternifolia pseudocoreana · V. alternifolia stubendorfiana · V. alternifolia Ledeb. ssp. stubendorfiana (Sumn.) Vorosh. forma angustifoli · V. altissima · V. altoandina · V. alypifolia · V. alypifolia argenteomarginata · V. alypifolia subsp. argenteomarginata · V. alypifolia var. elongata · V. ambigua · V. amoena · V. amphilophis · V. amplexicaulis · V. amurensis · V. amurensis Smirnow ex Kom. forma leiocarpa Hara · V. andina · V. andonaegui · V. angustifolia · V. angustiloba · V. annua · V. anomala · V. apiifolia · V. approximata · V. apula · V. aquatica · V. araucana · V. arborea · V. arctica · V. aretioides · V. arizonica (Arizona Tobaccoroot) · V. armena · V. armena grossheimii · V. armena subsp. grossheimii · V. armeriaefolia · V. arnottiana · V. arsenei · V. asarifolia · V. aschersoniana · V. asplenifolia · V. aspleniifolia · V. assamensis · V. asterothrix · V. astrephioides · V. atacamensis · V. auriculata · V. baltana · V. baltica · V. bambusicaulis · V. bangiana · V. barbareaefolia · V. barbareifolia · V. barbulata · V. barbulata Diels var. gymnostoma Hand.-Mazz. · V. bastilleri · V. beamanii · V. beddomei · V. berterii · V. berteroi · V. berteroniana · V. bertiscea · V. bijuga · V. boelckei · V. boliviana · V. bolkarica · V. bonariensis · V. bonplandiana · V. bornmuelleri · V. bornmulleri

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Eriksen, B. (1989a): Valerianaceae. - In: Flora of Ecuador (Harung, G. & Andersson, L. ed.), vol. No.34, Copenhagen

Notes

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Contributors

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 21, 2007:

• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5980924
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15892561
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:936957-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 286654-2
• IUCN ID: 46257
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 900011

Footnotes

1. Yasin Nasir "Valerianaceae". in Flora of Pakistan Vol Page. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Valeriana". in Flora of Pakistan Page 2.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]