Viola eamesii

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Violaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , shrubs , or subshrubs , sometimes scandent , rarely small trees . Leaves simple , usually alternate, sometimes opposite, with small or leaflike stipules, petiolate , margin entire , serrate, or dissected . Flowers bisexual or unisexual , rarely polygamous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary or in axillary or terminal , spicate , paniculate , or racemose inflorescences, 2-bracteolate, sometimes cleistogamous . Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate, persistent . Petals 5, imbricate or convolute, unequal, anterior one usually larger than others, saccate , gibbous or spurred at base . Stamens 5; anthers erect , free or connivent or connate , connectives often dilated into membranous appendages ; filaments very short or absent, anterior 2 stamens with spurlike nectary at base. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 3-5-carpelled, syncarpous , with 3-5 parietal placentae each with 1 to many anatropous ovules ; style simple; stigmas variously shaped. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, usually with elastic and abaxially carinate valves , rarely baccate . Seeds often carunculate; testa hard, nitid , often with oily bodies, sometimes alate ; endosperm copious , fleshy ; embryo erect.

Twenty-two genera and 900-1000 species: worldwide, but particularly in tropical regions ; three genera and 101 species (36 endemic, three introduced ) in China.Yousheng Chen, Qiner Yang, Hideaki Ohba & Vladimir V. Nikitin "Violaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 138. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Viola

Herbs perennial or biennial, rarely subshrubs , rhizomatous . Stem developed or absent, sometimes with creeping branches. Leaves simple , alternate or basal, margin entire , dentate , or dissected ; stipules small or large, leaflike, free or ± adnate to petioles . Flowers bisexual , zygomorphic, solitary, often dimorphic (cleistogamous flowers later than chasmogamous ones) ; pedicels axillary , 2-bracteolate. Sepals slightly equal, usually basally auriculate . Petals unequal, anterior petal largest and basally spurred . Filaments free, very short; anthers free or mostly connivent into a sheath around ovary, 2 anterior ones with spurlike or wartlike and nectariferous appendages at base , these extending into anterior spur, connectives produced apically into conspicuous , membranous appendages. Ovary 3-carpelled, with many ovuled parietal placentae; styles nearly erect or usually ± curved downward, ± thickened or sometimes gradually tapering toward apex, entire or variously appendaged; style apex and stigma variously shaped. Capsule loculicidally and elastically 3-valved, valves carinate and abaxially thickened. Seeds globose-ovoid, arillate or not, usually smooth ; endosperm abundant; embryo straight; cotyledons rather thick, plano-convex .

About 550 species: cosmopolitan , chiefly in temperate regions of the N hemisphere; 96 species (35 endemic, three introduced ) in China."Viola". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 72, 74. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Tolerates frost. Very vigorous. Deadheading will prolong bloom , but prevent volunteer seedlings. Pinch to keep bushy.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6" apart. Self-sows. Propagation : Start seeds indoors 10 to 12 weeks before the last spring frost. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil. After sowing, moisten the potting mix and place the seed tray in a cool place or refrigerator for 2 weeks, then move to a 65-70°F. area. Seedlings emerge in 2-3 weeks.

Soil: Requires well-drained soil. Prefers rich organic , moist, acidic soil, pH 5.6 to 6.5. Avoid wet, soggy/shady areas.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun or part sun.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Keep soil mixture moist until well established . Water daily during hot, dry summer.

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 0°F. • Cold Hardiness: 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Viola eamesii House

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Viola

There are approximately 3896 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

V. bakeri bakeri · V. 'Abigail' · V. 'Achilles' · V. 'Adam's Gold' · V. 'Adelina' · V. 'Admiral Avellan' · V. 'Admiral' · V. 'Admiration' (Pansy) · V. 'Agnes Cochrane' · V. 'Agnes Susannah' · V. 'Agneta' · V. 'Alanta' · V. 'Alcea' · V. 'Alethia' · V. 'Alex Blackwood' · V. 'Alexander Rayfield' · V. 'Alexia' · V. 'Alice Kate' · V. 'Alice Witter' (Violet) · V. 'Alice Wood' · V. 'Alice Woodall' · V. 'Alice' · V. 'Alison Lofts' · V. 'Alison' · V. 'Alma' · V. 'Alwyn' · V. 'Alys' · V. 'Amelia' · V. 'Amethyst' · V. 'Amiral Avellan' · V. 'Andrena' · V. 'Angel Amber Kiss' (Viola) · V. 'Angela' · V. 'Anita' · V. 'Ann Kean' · V. 'Ann Robb' · V. 'Ann' · V. 'Anna Leyns' · V. 'Anna' · V. 'Annabelle' · V. 'Annaliese' · V. 'Anne Mott' · V. 'Annette Hays Wallace' · V. 'Annette Ross' · V. 'Annie Roberts' · V. 'Annie' · V. 'Annona' · V. 'Anthea' · V. 'Antique Lace' · V. 'Aphrodite' · V. 'Apollo' · V. 'Apricotta' · V. 'Arabella' · V. 'Ardross Gem' · V. 'Arkwright Ruby' (Viola) · V. 'Arkwright's Ruby' · V. 'Arlington' · V. 'Artemis' · V. 'Ashvale Blue' · V. 'Aspasia' · V. 'Astrid' · V. 'Atalanta' · V. 'Athena' · V. 'Aurelia' · V. 'Aurora' · V. 'Avalanche' · V. 'Avril Lawson' · V. 'Avril' · V. 'Azurella' · V. 'Baby Blue' · V. 'Baby Franjo' · V. 'Baby Lucia' · V. 'Bambini' · V. 'Barbara Cawthorne' · V. 'Barbara Swan' · V. 'Barbara' · V. 'Barnsdale Gem' · V. 'Baron de Rothschild' · V. 'Baroness de Rothschild' · V. 'Baronne Alice de Rothschild' · V. 'Bates Green Purple' · V. 'Beatrice' · V. 'Becka' · V. 'Becky Groves' · V. 'Beechy's Double White' · V. 'Bella' · V. 'Belmont Blue' · V. 'Benjie' · V. 'Berna' · V. 'Bernard Cox' · V. 'Beshlie' · V. 'Bessie Cawthorne' · V. 'Bessie Knight' · V. 'Beth' · V. 'Bettina' · V. 'Betty Dale' · V. 'Betty Grace' · V. 'Betty' · V. 'Bianca' · V. 'Bishop's Belle'

Bibliography

• Wang Chingrui. 1991. Violaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 51: i-v, 1-148.

More Info

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Notes

Contributors

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Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 450707
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22071
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741533
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22071
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: VIEA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 68321

Footnotes

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