Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Guang Ye Jia Zhou Pu Kui, Hua Sheng Dun Kui (Hong Kong), Hua Sheng Dun Zong, Zhuang Gan Zong Lü (Taiwan)
Common Names in English:
Mexican Fan Palm, Mexican Washington Palm, Mexican Washingtonia, Thread Palm, Washington Fan Palm, Washingtonia
Common Names in French:
Palmier évantail Du Méxique, Palmier évantail Du Mexique
Common Names in German:
Petticoat-Palme, Priesterpalme, Washingtonie
Common Names in Japanese:
Onijuro, Washinton Yashi Modoki
Common Names in Norwegian:
Trådpalme
Common Names in Russian:
Vashingtonia Moshchnaia
Common Names in Spanish:
Palmera De Abanico, Washingtonia Colorada
Description
Genus Washingtonia
Plants
tree
palms. Stems solitary, erect
, tall, massive in one species (more than 10020 cm diam.) (100--150 cm diam.), partly or completely covered with old leaf bases
and marcescent
dry leaves forming conspicuous
skirt
around trunk
. Leaves: sheath
fibers soft; petiole
split at base, conspicuously armed
with teeth along margins
, sometimes unarmed
in tall plants; abaxial
hastula absent; adaxial
hastula irregularly shaped, margin becoming tattered, fibrous
; costa prominent
; blade
costapalmate
; plication
induplicate
; segments lanceolate, basally connate
, bearing fibers between segments; apices 2-cleft or irregularly tattered into fibers. Inflorescences axillary
within crown of leaves, paniculate
, arching
well beyond leaves, with 2 orders
of branching; prophyll leathery; rachis bracts very conspicuous, tubular
at base, distally flattened and leathery, long; rachillae glabrous
. Flowers bisexual
, borne singly along rachillae, short- pedicellate
; perianth 2-seriate; calyx cupulate
, 3-lobed, apices and margins irregular; petals 3, long, chaffy
, basally connate into tube
; stamens 6, adnate
briefly to petals; pistils 3, distinct
basally, glabrous; styles
connate, slender, long; stigma inconspicuous. Fruits drupes, blackish, ellipsoid
; exocarp
smooth
; mesocarp
thin, fleshy
; endocarp thin. Seeds ellipsoid; endosperm homogeneous
; embryo basal; eophyll
undivided, lanceolate. n = 18.
Species 2: w North America, nw Mexico.
The two species are easy to distinguish when cultivated side by side, but they are sometimes difficult to identify from herbarium
specimens. Analysis of flavonoids (S. Zona and R. Scogin 1988) can reliably distinguish the two species."Washingtonia". in Flora of North America Vol. 22 Page 105. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habit: Erect
Flowers: Bloom Period: July, August. • Flower Color: Pink • Flower Conspicuous: Arching clusters of tubular flowers
Foliage: Reddish tinges to undersides, fan-shaped bright-green leaves • Foliage Shape: Fan-shaped • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Reddish • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Green • Fall foliage: Green • Winter foliage: Green
Size/Age/Growth
Growth Rate: Fast Growing • Size: Fast-growing to 50 to 60 ft . high, 10 to 15 ft. wide, larger with time.
Landscaping
Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system. Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring .
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space over 40' apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun
Moisture: Water Requirements: Once established needs only occasional water.
Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 12 (>210 days) Low:8 (>90 to 120 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
)
- Order:
Arecales
(
)
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
)
- Subfamily:
Coryphoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Corypheae
(
)
- Genus:
Washingtonia
(
)
- H. Wendland, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 37: 68, 148. 1879.
-
Fan palm, palmier evantail de Californie [fFor George Washington, 1732--1799, American patriot and first president of the United States]- Specific epithet:
robusta
- H.Wendl.
- Botanical name: - Washingtonia robusta H.Wendl.
- Specific epithet:
robusta
- H.Wendl.
- Genus:
Washingtonia
(
- Tribe:
Corypheae
(
- Subfamily:
Coryphoideae
(
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
- Order:
Arecales
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Washingtonia filifera robusta Parish
- Washingtonia filifera var. robusta Parish
- Washingtonia gracilis Parish
- Washingtonia sonorae S. Wats.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Place of publication
: Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 2:198. 1883
Name verified on 01-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 15-Nov-1998
Similar Species
Members of the genus Washingtonia
There are approximately 26 species in this genus:
W. ambigua · W. americana · W. bolanderi · W. brachypoda · W. brevipes · W. claytoni · W. filifera (American Cotton Palm) · W. gaudichaudii · W. gigantea · W. intermedia · W. laxa · W. leibergi · W. leibergii · W. lindenii · W. longistylis var. laxa · W. martii · W. mexicana · W. nuda · W. occidentalis · W. pacifica · W. remota · W. robusta (Mexican Fan Palm) · W. robusta var. gracilis · W. thurstonii · W. vuylstekeana · W. x filibusta
Bibliography
- Abbiw, D. K. 1990. Useful plants of Ghana. (Use Pl Ghana)
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2000. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 16. Auflage. (Zander ed16)
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993–. Flora of North America. (F NAmer)
- Glassman, S. F. 1972. Revis. Index Amer. Palms.
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Moore, H. E., Jr. 1963. An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. Principes 7:170.
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) - on-line resource. (Pl Names)
- Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran desert. (F SonorDes)
- Uhl, N. W. & J. Dransfield. 1987. Genera Palmarum. (Gen Palm)
- Wiggins, I. L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. (F Baja)
- Bailey, L. H. 1936. Washingtonia. Gentes Herb. 4: 51--82. Zona, S. and R. Scogin. 1988. Flavonoid aglycones and C-glycosides of the palm genus Washingtonia (Arecaceae: Coryphoideae). SouthW. Naturalist. 33: 498.
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 01, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8311544
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-214261
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 281748
- GRIN Nomen Number: 41968
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42515
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: WASO
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 68570
