Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style
simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral
; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Genus:
Penstemon
()
- Specific epithet:
cinereus
- D.D.Keck
- Botanical name: - Penstemon cinereus foliatus D.D.Keck
- Specific epithet:
cinereus
- D.D.Keck
- Genus:
Penstemon
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Penstemon
There are approximately 1460 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. 'Abberley' · P. 'Abbeydore' · P. 'Abbotsmerry' · P. 'Agnes Laing' · P. 'Alice Hindley' · P. 'Alice Howarth' · P. 'Amy Gray' · P. 'Andenken an Friedrich Hahn' · P. 'Apple Blossom' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Ashton' · P. 'Astley' · P. 'Audrey Cooper' · P. 'Axe Valley Jessica' · P. 'Axe Valley Mabel Alice' · P. 'Axe Valley Penny Mitchell' · P. 'Axe Valley Pixie' · P. 'Axe Valley Suzie' · P. 'Baby Lips' · P. 'Barbara Barker' · P. 'Barbelles' · P. 'Beckford' · P. 'Beech Park' · P. 'Beverley' · P. 'Bisham Seedling' · P. 'Blackbird' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Blue King' · P. 'Blue Spring' · P. 'Bodnant' · P. 'Bovey Belle' · P. 'Breakleys Blue' · P. 'Bredon' · P. 'Breitenbush Blue' · P. 'Bridget's White' · P. 'Burford Purple' · P. 'Burford Seedling' · P. 'Burford White' · P. 'Burgundy' · P. 'Candy Pink' · P. 'Carolyn Orr' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Castle Forbes' · P. 'Cathedral Rose' · P. 'Catherine de la Mare' · P. 'Centra' · P. 'Charles Rudd' · P. 'Cherry Ripe' · P. 'Cherry' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Chester Red' · P. 'Chester Scarlet' · P. 'Claret' · P. 'Comberton' · P. 'Connie's Pink' · P. 'Coral Kissed' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Coral Pink' · P. 'Coral Sea' · P. 'Cottage Garden Red' · P. 'Countess of Dalkeith' · P. 'Craigieburn Chenille' · P. 'Craigieburn Taffeta' · P. 'Dad's Pink' · P. 'Dazzler' · P. 'Delaware' · P. 'Devonshire Cream' · P. 'Diane' · P. 'Drinkstone Red' · P. 'Drinkstone' · P. 'Drinkwater Red' · P. 'Edithae' · P. 'Elmley' · P. 'Eva' · P. 'Evelyn' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Evelyn' × 'Papal Purple' · P. 'Evensong' · P. 'Fairy Bouquet' · P. 'Fanny's Blush' · P. 'Firebird' · P. 'Flame' · P. 'Flamingo' · P. 'Froggery Cottage' · P. 'Gaff's Pink' · P. 'Gaiety' · P. 'Garden Red' · P. 'Garnet Variegated' · P. 'Garnet' (Beardtongue) · P. 'Geoff Hamilton' · P. 'George Elrick' · P. 'George Home' · P. 'Ghent Purple' · P. 'Gilchrist' · P. 'Gletsjer' · P. 'Gloire des Quatre Rues' · P. 'Goldie' · P. 'Grape Tart' (Beard Tongue) · P. 'Great Witley' · P. 'Greencourt Purple' · P. 'Helenetti' · P. 'Hewell Pink Bedder' · P. 'Hewells Pink' · P. 'Hewitt's Pink' · P. 'Heythrop Park' · P. 'Hidcote Pink'
Bibliography
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
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Notes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8925112
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15943854
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:187265-2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3693085
