Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Albanian:
Kubla
Common Names in Bulgarian:
Finta
Common Names in Catalan:
Alosa, Saboga Vera
Common Names in Croatian:
Cepa, Lojka
Common Names in Czech:
Lososnice, Placka, Placka Americká, Placka Atlantická, Placka Finta, Placka Luganská, Placka Malá, Placka Obecn, Placka obecná, Placka Pomoransk, Placka pomořanská, Placka Prostřední, Placka Skvrnitá, Placka Velkooká, Podhořanka, Podmořanka
Common Names in Danish:
Blårygget Stamsild, Canadisk Stamsild, En Art Stamsild, En Art Stavsild, Flodsild, Majsild, Nilstamsild, Stamsild, Stavsild, Vestatlantisk Stamsild
Common Names in Dutch:
Amerikaanse Rivierharing, Bastaardelft, Canadese Elft, Elft, Fint, Groote meifisch, Meivis, Rivierharing
Common Names in English:
alewife, Alice shad, Allice shad, allis shad, Anadromous Alewives, Bigeye Herring, Blue-Back Herring, Blue-Back Shad, Blueback Glut Herring, Blueback Herring, Blueback Shad, Bonejack, Branch Herring, Clipped Roefish, Corned Alewives, Fall Herring, Freshwater Herring, Freshwater Taylor, Gray Herring, Grayback, Greyback, Herring, Hickory Jack, Hickory Shad, Killarney Shad, Kyack, Kyak, Mayfish, Mediterranean Shad, Nile Twaite Shad, River Herring, River Herrings, Rock herring, Sawbelly, Shad, Shad Fall Herring, Shad Herring, Shed Herring, Twait Shad, Twaite, Twaite Shad, White Herring
Common Names in Faroese:
Maisild, Stavsild
Common Names in Finnish:
Harmaasilli, Hikkorisilli, Kantasilli, Pilkkusilli, Sinisilli, Täpläsilli
Common Names in French:
Alauze, Alose, Alose Américaine, Alose D'été, Alose D'été Du Canada, Alose Feinte, Alose Feinte Du Nil, Alose Feinte Nilotique, Alose Gaspareau, Alose Matte, Alose Médiocre, Alose vraie, Alose vulgaire, Alose-Finte, Altacke, Astouna, Caluyau, Coulac, Coulaca, Coulacqua, Coulat, Couvert, Couvreux, Feinte, Finte, Gapareau, Gaspareau, Gasparot, Gaspereau, Gasperot, Gatte, Grande alose, Hareng, Lacia, Loza, Matowacca, Poisson de mai, Pucelle., Sabre, Vérot
Common Names in Gaelic, Irish:
An Tsead Fhallasach
Common Names in German:
Abzeln, Allis Finte, Alose, Alse, Bajeckens, Blaurückenhering, Boje, Eilft, Elben, Elf, Elft, Finke, Finte, Gew, Gewöhnliche Alse, Gewöhnlicher Maifisch, Goldfisch, Gurre, Kanadische Alse, Maifisch, Mecheuisch, Mittelmeer-Finte, Mutterhering, Nordamerikanischer Flußhering, Parpel, Pergel, Perpel, Staffhering, Tabarre, Vlaurückenhering, Westatlantische Alse
Common Names in Greek:
Frissa, Kepa, Sardellomána, Sardelomana, Κέπα, Κέππα, Σαρδελομάνα, Φρίσσα
Common Names in Greek, Modern:
Frissa, Kepa, Sardellomána, Sardelomana, Κέπα, Σαρδελομάνα
Common Names in Greek, Modern (1453):
Kepa, Κέπα
Common Names in Icelandic:
Augnasíld
Common Names in Irish:
An Tsead Fhallasach
Common Names in Italian:
Agone, Alaccia, Alosa, Alosa Canadese, Antesin, Ceppa, Cheppia, Chieppa, Chippia, Chjappie, Chjeppe, Ciepa, Cipia, Cippia, Creppia, Falsa Aringa Atlantica, Falsa-Aringa Atlantica, Laccia, Lacía, Losa, Saboga, Salacca, Saraca, Sarache, Saracuni, Sarda, Sardone, Scarabin, Seccia
Common Names in Maltese:
Lacc, Lacca, Lacci, Lacci Tat-Tbajja
Common Names in Mandarin Chinese:
北美大眼鯡, 北美大眼鲱, 北美西鯡, 北美西鲱, 尼罗西鲱, 尼羅西鯡, 淡水大眼鯡, 淡水大眼鲱, 灰西鯡, 灰西鲱, 芬塔西鯡, 芬塔西鲱, 葡萄牙鯡, 葡萄牙鲱, 蓝背西鲱, 藍背西鯡, 西鯡, 西鲱, 阿戈西鯡, 阿戈西鲱, 隆背大眼鯡, 隆背大眼鲱
Common Names in Norwegian:
Maifisk, Maisild, Stamsild
Common Names in Polish:
Aloza Chikora, Aloza finta, Aloza Niebieska, Aloza Wielkooka A. Aloza Teczowa, Parposz Sródziemnomorski
Common Names in Portuguese:
Alosa Azul, Alosa Cinzenta, Alosa-Azul, Alosa-Cinzenta, Saboga, Sável, Sável De Salto, Sável E Savelha, Sável-De-Salto, Saveleta, Savelha, Savelha Do Mediterrâneo
Common Names in Romanian:
Scrumbie, Scrumbie de mare
Common Names in Rumanian:
Alosa adevarata, Hering De Primavara, Hering De Vara, Scrumbie, Scrumbie de mare
Common Names in Russian:
Bol'sheglazyi Pomolob, Finta, европейская алоза, сероспинка, синеспинка, финта, Финта атлантическая, финта средиземноморская, хикори
Common Names in Serbian:
Atlantska lojka, Cepa, Lojka, Scepa
Common Names in Slovak:
Al, Alóza
Common Names in Slovenian:
Èepa, »epa
Common Names in Spanish:
Alosa, Alosa Mediocre, Alosa Mediterránea, Arenc, Arencón, Pinchagua, Sábalo, Sábalo común, Sábalo Del Canadá, Saboga, Samborca, Trisa
Common Names in Swedish:
Blå Staksill, Gumsill, Hickorysill, Majfisk, Staksill, Stamsill
Common Names in Turkish:
Beneklitirsi Baligi, Tirsi, Tirsi Baligi
Common Names in Welsh:
Herlyn
Description
Physical Description
Species Alosa alosa
Males are commonly 40 cm (Total Length) in length when caught/marketed, but may be as large as 83 cm (Total Length).
Habitat
Typically found in water with a depth of 0 to -100 meters (0 to -328 feet).[1]
Biome: Marine .
Ecology:
Habitat
:
At sea
, pelagic, in deep water
down
to 300 m.
Juveniles
remain close to shore
and to estuaries. Migrates
from sea upriver, spawning in main river
or entering large and warm
tributaries. Spawning sites often situated near a confluence
.
Biology
:
Anadromous
. Males migrate upriver at 3-9 years. Females first
reproduce 1-3 years later than males. Adults
start approaching coasts
at end of February and enter rivers
when temperatures
reach 10-12°C,
usually in May. Spawning commences when temperature reaches 15°C.
Optimal temperatures 22-24°C. Spawns
in large, very noisy schools
near surface
at night. Eggs
sink to bottom
. Spent fish migrate back
to sea, but most die after reproduction
, having mated only once.
Most juveniles migrate to river mouth
during first summer and remain
at sea until they mature
. Individual fish are thought to return to
their natal
spawning site. At sea, feeds
predominantly on plankton
.
In freshwater
, adults do not feed and juveniles prey
on insect larvae.
[2].
List of Habitats:
- 5 Wetlands (inland)
- 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls )
- 9 Marine Neritic
- 9.1 Marine Neritic - Pelagic
- 9.10 Marine Neritic - Estuaries [more info]
Biology
Diet
Feeds on a wide range of planktonic crustaceans; larger adults feed on small schooling fishes [3][4].
Migration
Amphihaline
species, spending most of his life in sea
[4].
Schooling
and strongly migratory species, penetrating far up rivers
,
but not into small tributaries[3]. Enters rivers to spawn
in May, usually at night and where the current
is swift[3].
Adults
return to sea after spawning while the juveniles
move down
to the sea in autumn[3]. Migrating
adults do not feed
(Ref.
30578).
Anadromous
.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Animalia
()
- C. Linnaeus, 1758
- animals
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
()
- (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
()
- Grobben, 1908
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
()
- (Haeckel, 1874) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Phylum:
Chordata
()
- Bateson, 1885
- Chordates
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
()
- Cuvier, 1812
- Vertebrates
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
()
- auct.
- Jawed Vertebrates
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Class:
Osteichthyes
()
- Huxley, 1880
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
()
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
()
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
()
- Order:
Clupeiformes
()
- Suborder:
Clupeoidei
()
-
- Suborder:
Clupeoidei
(
- Order:
Clupeiformes
(
- Cohort:
Clupeocephala
(
- Infraclass:
Actinopteri
(
- Subclass:
Actinopterygii
(
- Class:
Osteichthyes
(
- Superclass:
Osteichthyes
(
- Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
(
- Subphylum:
Vertebrata
(
- Phylum:
Chordata
(
- Infrakingdom:
Chordonia
(
- Branch:
Deuterostomia
(
- Subkingdom:
Bilateria
(
- Kingdom:
Animalia
(
Synonyms
Alausa vulgaris Valenciennes • Alosa Aestivalis • Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill • Alosa agone (Scopoli • Alosa alosa • Alosa alosa alosa (Linnaeus • Alosa communis Yarrell • Alosa cuvieri Malm • Alosa cuvierii Malm • Alosa Fallax • Alosa fallax (Lacepede 1803) • Alosa Fallax Fallax • Alosa fallax fallax (Lacepede 1803) • Alosa fallax fallax< /i> (Lacpède • Alosa fallax fallax< /i> (Lacepède • Alosa fallax nilotica (Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 1808) • Alosa fallax< /i> (Lacpède • Alosa fallax< /i> (Lacepède • Alosa Linck • Alosa Mediocris • Alosa mediocris (Mitchill • Alosa Pseudoharengus • Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson • Alosa rusa Mauduyt • Clupea aestivalis Mitchill • Clupea alosa Linnaeus • Clupea alosa Linnaeus, 1758 • Clupea fallax Lac pède • Clupea Mediocris • Clupea mediocris Mitchill • Clupea pseudoharengus Wilson • Cyprinus Agone
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: Data
last modified by FishBase 23-Jul-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Alosa
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 40 species and subspecies in this genus:
A. aestivalis (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. agone (Agone) · A. alabamae (Alabama Shad?names of Fishes 67) · A. alburnus (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. algeriensis (North African Shad) · A. alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. alosa alosa (Blueback Glut Herring) · A. braschnikowi (Brazhnikov's Shad) · A. braschnikowi braschnikowi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. braschnikowi sarensis (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. brashnikovi brashnikovi (Caspian Marine Shad) · A. caspia (Astrabad Shad) · A. caspia caspia (Caspian Shad) · A. caspia knipowitschi (Enzeli Shad) · A. caspia persica (Astrabad Shad) · A. chrysochloris (Skipjack Herring) · A. elongata (Elongate Ilisha) · A. fallax (Killarney Shad) · A. fallax fallax (Twaite Shad) · A. fallax nilotica (Killarney Shad) · A. immaculata (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. kessleri (Black-Back Shad) · A. killarnensis (Goureen) · A. macedonica (Macedonian Shad) · A. maeotica (Black Sea Shad) · A. mediocris (Shad Fall Herring) · A. nilotica (Mediterranean Shad) · A. pectinata (Brazilian Menhaden) · A. pontica (Kerch Black Sea Shad) · A. pseudoharengus (Anadromous Alewives) · A. reevesii (Seasonal Shad) · A. sapidissima (Connecticut River Shad) · A. saposchnikowii (Bigeye Shad) · A. saposhnikovi (Saposhnikovi Shad) · A. sphaerocephala (Agrakhana Shad) · A. sp. nov. 'Skadar' (Skadar Shad) · A. tanaica (Black Sea Shad) · A. teres (California Round Herring) · A. volgensis (Caspian Anadromous Shad)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A guide to the study of fishes, New York, H. Holt, 1905. url .
- A guide to the study of fishes, by David Starr Jordan. .. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1905. url p. 50.
- A history of fishes; illus. by W. P. C. Tenison. New York, A. A. Wyn, 1949. url , p. 39, p. 73.
- Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 427.
- Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 266, p. 859, p. 924.
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url p. 108, p. 11, p. 12, p. 124, p. 255, p. 256, p. 264, p. 267, p. 281, p. 7, p. 8.
- Checklists for the CORINE Biotopes Programme and its application in the PHARE countries of Central and East Europe: including comparisons with relevant conventions and agreements on the conservation of European species and habitats EC url p. 104.
- Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 107, p. 139, p. 156, p. 212, p. 726, p. 85.
- Dean bibliography of fishes. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1971-1973. url p. 289, p. 320, p. 706, p. 94.
- Ecological animal geography; an authorized, rewritten edition based on Tiergeographie auf ockologischer grundlage / by Richard Hesse. .. prepared by W. C. Allee. .. and Karl P. Schmidt. .. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1937. url p. 317.
- Fishery bulletin. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, The Service, U.S. Govt Print. Off. url p. 187, p. 377.
- Fishery leaflet / United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C.: The Service, url p. 6.
- Fishes, New York, H. Holt and Company, 1907. url .
- Fishes, by David Starr Jordan. .. with 18 colored plates and 673 illustrations. .. New York, H. Holt and Company, 1907. url p. 276.
- Guide to the British fresh-water fishes exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). London: Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1917. url p. 37.
- Monogenetic trematodes: their systematics and phylogeny / by Boris E. Bychowsky; edited by William J. Hargis, Jr.; translated by Pierre C. Oustinoff. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Biological Sciences, c1961. url p. 271.
- Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 129, p. 281.
- The Bulletin of zoological nomenclature. London, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. url p. 53.
- The Trematoda of British fishes. London, Sold by B. Quaritch, 1947. url p. 339, p. 346.
- The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama / by David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, 1896-1900. url p. 427.
- Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne [et al.]F. & W. Dodsworth [et al.]1865/67-1973. url p. 385.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 31, 2012.
- Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Alosa alosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 30January2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:
- European Environment Agency, EUNIS
- FishBase, FishBase DiGIR Provider - Philippine Server
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Taxonomic Information Sytem for the Belgian coastal area
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Fishes
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Biological Records Centre - Database for the Atlas of Freshwater Fishes
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 119566
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Fis-22770
- Fishbase Species ID: 101
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5213960
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 161708
- IUCN ID: 190043
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1761
Footnotes
- Mean = 28.870 meters (94.718 feet), Standard Deviation = 45.400 based on 133,466 observations. Ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
- Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2008. Alosa alosa. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 January 2012. [back]
- Whitehead, P.J.P. (1985). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1 - Chirocentridae, ... [back]
- "Murdannia stenothyrsa". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 31. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
